Recombinant Proteins(重组蛋白)
Recombinant proteins are a new combination of genes that forms DNA. Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of wild type and modified human and mammalian proteins at bulk quantities. Recombinant proteins are made from cloned DNA sequences which usually encode an enzyme or protein with known function
Recombinant proteins are made through genetic engineering, also called gene splicing or recombinant DNA technology. By putting human, animal or plant genes into the genetic material of bacteria, mammalian or yeast cells, these microorganisms can be used as factories or producers to make proteins for medical, academic and research uses.
A vector is simply a tool for manipulating DNA and can be viewed as a "transport vehicle" for the production of proteins from specific DNA sequences cloned into them. Purification and expression of a protein can sometimes be quite complicated & time-consuming, therefore an additional tag is used in addition to the specific DNA sequence which will facilitate the purification & expresion of the recombinant protein.
Recombinant Proteins are proteins that their DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from 2 or more sources which is incorporated into a single recombinant molecule. The DNA is first treated with restriction endonuclease enzyme which the ends of the cut have an overhanging piece of single-stranded DNA. These are called "sticky ends" because they are able to base pair with any DNA molecule containing the complementary sticky end. DNA ligase covalently links the two strands into 1 recombinant DNA molecule.
Recombinant DNA molecule must be replicated many times to provide material for analysis & sequencing. Producing many identical copies of the same recombinant DNA molecule is called cloning. Cloning is done in vitro, by a process called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cloning in vivo can be done in unicellular microbessuch as E. coli, unicellular eukaryotes like yeast and in mammalian cells grown in tissue culture.
Recombinant DNA must be taken up by the cell in a form in which it can be replicated and expressed. This is achieved by incorporating the DNA in a vector. A number of viruses (both bacterial and of mammalian cells) can serve as vectors.
Recombinant DNA is also sometimes referred to as chimera. When combining two or more different strands of DNA.There are 3 different methods by which Recombinant DNA is made. 1. Transformation, 2. Phage-Transfection 3.Yeast, Plant & Mammalian Transformation. When using the method of transformation one needs to select a piece of DNA to be inserted into a vector, cut a piece of DNA with a restriction enzyme and ligate the DNA insert into the vector with DNA Ligase. The insert contains a selectable marker which allows for identification of recombinant molecules. An antibiotic marker is used in order to cause death for a host cell which does not contain the vector when exposed to a certain antibiotic.
Trasnformation is the insertion of the vector into the host cell. The host cells are prepared to take up the foreign DNA. Selectable markers are used for antibiotic resistance, color changes, or any other characteristic which can distinguish transformed hosts from untransformed hosts. Yeast, Plant & Mammalian Transformation is done by micro-injecting the DNA into the nucleus of the cell being transformed. Phage-Transfection process, is equivalent to transformation except for the fact that phage lambda or MI3 is used instead of bacteria.
These phages produce plaques which contain recombinant proteins which can be easily distinguished from the non-recombinant proteins by various selection methods.
Significant amounts of recombinant protein are produced by the host only when expression genes are added. The Protein’s expression depends on the genes which surround the DNA of interest, this collection of genes act as signals which provide instructions for the transcription and translation of the DNA of interest by the cell. These signals include the promoter, ribosome binding site, and terminator.
The recombinant DNA is inserted into expression vectors which contain the promoter, ribosome binding site, and terminator.
In prokaryotic systems, the promoter, ribosome binding site, and terminator have to be from the same host since the bacteria is unlikely to understand the signals of human promoters and terminators. The designated gene must not contain human introns since the bacteria does not recognize it and this results in premature termination, and the recombinant protein may not be processed correctly, be folded correctly, or may even be degraded.
The peptide sequence can be added as an extension at the N-terminal. Researchers can select the specific purification system which they would like to use. The unique vectors available contain several features needed for the production of bulk quantities of the target protein. The peptide sequence is usually placed in the vector so that it is designed to be a point of attack for a specific protease. Thus, after the recombinant protein is expressed and extracted from bacteria, specific peptide extension can be used to purify the protein and subsequently removed from the target protein to generate a nearly natural sequence on the final product.
6 or more consistent Histidine residues act as a metal binding site for recombinant protein purification and expression. The hexa-His sequence is called a His-Tag sequence which can be placed on the N-terminal of a target protein by using vectors from various commercial molecular biology companies. The His-Tag contains a cleavage site for a specific protease. His-Tag recombinant proteins are purified by Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography such as nickel ion columns that are used as the heavy metal ion and the His-Tag protein is eluted from the metal-chelate column with Histidine or imidazole. Then the purified His-Tag protein is treated with the specific protease to cleave off the His-Tag or not if the tag doesn’t affect the active site of the protein.
Proteins have metal binding sites which can be used for the purification of recombinant and natural proteins. This type of purification is rather simple when using a gel bead which is covalently modified so that it displays a chelator group for binding a heavy metal ion like Ni2+ or Zn2+. The chelating group on the gel bead contains a small amount of the ligands needed to hold the metal ion. So when the protein’s metal binding site finds the heavy metal, it will bind by providing the ligands from its metal binding site to attach to the metal ion displayed on the chelator location of the gel bead. This purification method is quite identical to affinity chromatography when purifying metal-binding class of proteins.
Products for Recombinant Proteins
- Actin(7)
- ADAM(3)
- Adaptor-Related Protein Complex(3)
- ADP-Ribosylation Factor(21)
- Ag85(2)
- Albumin(6)
- Allergy(128)
- Alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein(4)
- Anaplasma(3)
- Angiogenin(2)
- Ankyrin Repeat Domain(5)
- Annexin(14)
- Anterior Gradient Protein(3)
- ASF1 Anti-Silencing Function 1(2)
- ATP Synthase Mitochondrial(3)
- ATPase(9)
- Autophagy Related(4)
- B Cell Lymphoma(24)
- B9 Protein(2)
- Babesia Microti(3)
- Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing(3)
- Bartonella H.(3)
- Basic Transcription Factor(2)
- BATF(2)
- Bax(2)
- Beta 2 Microglobulin(3)
- BID(4)
- Biglycan(3)
- Bridging Integrator(2)
- Bromodomain Containing(3)
- Cadherin(8)
- Calbindin(4)
- Calcium Binding Protein(30)
- Calmodulin(4)
- Calpain(2)
- Calponin(2)
- Calreticulin(2)
- Calumenin(2)
- Candida Albicans(4)
- Canopy FGF Signaling Regulator(3)
- Capping Protein(2)
- Caspase Recruitment Domain Family(2)
- CCR4-NOT Transcription Complex(2)
- CEA(9)
- CEBP(2)
- Cell Division Cycle(5)
- Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein(2)
- Centrin(3)
- Centromere Protein(7)
- Charged Multivesicular Body Protein(3)
- Chloride Intracellular Channel(2)
- Chromatin Modifying Protein(4)
- Chromobox(3)
- Chromogranin(6)
- Chromosome Open Reading Frame(17)
- Clathrin(2)
- Coagulation Factors(7)
- Cofilin(2)
- Coiled-Coil Domain(9)
- Collagen(16)
- COMM Domain Containing(4)
- Complement Component(55)
- COP9 Signalosome(3)
- C-Reactive Protein(6)
- Crystallin(13)
- C-type Lectin Domain(11)
- CUE Domain Containing(2)
- Cystatin(25)
- Cysteine-Rich(2)
- Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein(3)
- Cytochrome(9)
- Cytohesin(4)
- Cytokeratin(14)
- DCUN1D(3)
- DEAD Box Protein(2)
- Decorin(3)
- Density Lipoprotein(8)
- Developmental Pluripotency Associated(3)
- Dickkopf-Related Protein(7)
- DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region(2)
- DNA-Damage Protein(7)
- Dynactin(4)
- Dynein Light Chain(7)
- Dysbindin(2)
- Ectodysplasin(4)
- Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex(2)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein(3)
- Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1(4)
- EPH Receptor(6)
- Ephrin(13)
- ERCC(1)
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor(21)
- Exosome Component(6)
- FABP(27)
- Family with Sequence Similarity(8)
- F-Box Protein(1)
- Ferritin(3)
- Fibrinogen(3)
- Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing(2)
- Four And A Half LIM(2)
- Fragile Histidine Triad(2)
- G Antigen(3)
- GABA(A) Receptor-Associated Protein(3)
- Gastrokine(3)
- GDP Dissociation Inhibitor(2)
- General Transcription Factor(6)
- GIPC PDZ Domain(2)
- Gliadin(3)
- Glycophorin(3)
- Glycoprotein Nmb(3)
- Glypican(3)
- Gremlin(2)
- GTPase IMAP Family(2)
- GTP-Binding Protein(2)
- Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein(11)
- Hairy and Enhancer of Split(2)
- Haptoglobin(5)
- Heat Shock Protein(66)
- Hematological And Neurological Expressed(2)
- Hemoglobin(8)
- Hemopexin(3)
- High-Mobility Group(8)
- HINT(2)
- HLA(8)
- HNRNP(3)
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor(3)
- IMPAD1(4)
- Ig Heavy Chain Constant Region(7)
- Inhibitor of DNA Binding(2)
- Inhibitor of Growth Family(2)
- Integrin(42)
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule(9)
- Junctional Adhesion Molecule(3)
- Karyopherin(2)
- KCTD(4)
- Killer Cell(8)
- Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor(9)
- Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene(2)
- Kruppel-Like Factor(6)
- Lactoferrin(3)
- LBP(3)
- Leukocyte Cell Derived Chemotaxin(3)
- Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor(3)
- LIN Protein(5)
- Listeriolysin(2)
- LRG1(3)
- Lymphocyte Antigen(3)
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein(3)
- MAD2(2)
- MAF(3)
- Mago-Nashi Homolog(2)
- Maltose Binding Protein(3)
- Mediator Complex(5)
- Melanoma Antigen Family A(8)
- Member RAS Oncogene Family(40)
- Mesoderm Development Candidate(2)
- Methylmalonic Aciduria(2)
- MHC class I chain-related gene(3)
- Microfibrillar Associated Protein(4)
- Microtubule-Associated Protein(8)
- Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein(8)
- Mitochondrial Transcription Factor(2)
- Mortality Factor(2)
- Myelin Basic Protein(1)
- Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein(4)
- Myoglobin(4)
- Myosin Light Chain(12)
- Myxovirus(3)
- NANOG(4)
- NCK Adaptor Protein(2)
- NECTIN(3)
- Nescient Helix Loop Helix(2)
- Neuronal Calcium Sensor(2)
- Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor(2)
- NFKB Inhibitor(5)
- NHP2(2)
- N-Myc Downstream Regulated(3)
- Non-Metastatic Cells(7)
- NPM(2)
- NTF2-like Export Factor(1)
- Nucleobindin(2)
- Nucleopurin(2)
- Nucleosome Assembly Protein(2)
- Orosomucoid(5)
- Other(755)
- Outer Membrane Protein(1)
- p53(17)
- Paired Box(2)
- Parkinson Disease Protein(3)
- Parvalbumin(2)
- PCNA(2)
- PDZ Domain Containing(2)
- Pentraxin(3)
- Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor(2)
- PHD Finger Protein(2)
- Phosducin-Like(2)
- Phosphatase and Tensin(1)
- Phospholipid Scramblase(2)
- PIH1 Domain Containing(2)
- Pim Oncogene(2)
- PITPN(2)
- Polymerase (RNA) (DNA directed) Polypeptide(7)
- Prefoldin(5)
- Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein(4)
- Prion Protein(2)
- Processing Of Precursor(2)
- Profilin(4)
- Programmed Cell Death(8)
- Prohibitin(2)
- Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin(1)
- Protein C-Ets(2)
- Protein Phosphatase(2)
- Prothymosin(2)
- RAD51(9)
- RAN Binding Protein(2)
- Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate(5)
- RASSF(2)
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein(2)
- Regenerating Islet-Derived(4)
- Regulator of Calcineurin(3)
- Regulator of G-Protein Signaling(9)
- Related RAS Viral (r-ras) Oncogene(2)
- Relaxin(3)
- Renin(5)
- Reticulocalbin(2)
- Retinoblastoma(3)
- Retinoic Acid Early Transcript(6)
- Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder(4)
- Rho Family GTPase(2)
- Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor(2)
- Ribosomal Protein(30)
- Ring Finger Protein(5)
- RNA Binding Motif Protein(3)
- R-Spondin(4)
- RWD Domain Containing(2)
- Sclerostin(3)
- SDHAF(2)
- Secretagogin(2)
- Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein(6)
- Secretoglobin(4)
- Secretogranin(2)
- Selectin(7)
- Selenoprotein(2)
- Septin(3)
- Serglycin(2)
- Serine Peptidase Inhibitor(3)
- Serpin(27)
- SERTA Domain Containing(2)
- SH2 Domain(2)
- SH3 Domain(6)
- SIGLEC(5)
- Signal Recognition Particle(2)
- Signal Sequence Receptor(3)
- Signal-Regulatory Protein(6)
- Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein(2)
- Sirtuin(25)
- SLAM Family(5)
- SMAD(3)
- SNRP(15)
- Solute Carrier Family(3)
- Sorting Nexin(2)
- SPSB(1)
- sRAGE(3)
- SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box(3)
- Stathmin(4)
- STIP(3)
- Streptavidin Proteins(5)
- Superoxide Dismutase(24)
- Surfeit(2)
- Synaptobrevin(12)
- Synaptosomal Associated Protein(5)
- Synaptotagmin(5)
- Syndecan(5)
- Syntaxin(10)
- Synuclein(7)
- Tachykinin(2)
- TAR DNA(4)
- TBC1 Domain Family(2)
- TCL(2)
- THAP Domain(4)
- Thioredoxin(13)
- TIGAR(3)
- Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor(3)
- TNF receptor-Associated Factor(2)
- Toll Like Receptor(1)
- Trafficking Protein Particle Complex(4)
- Transcription Elongation Factor(9)
- Transferrin(3)
- Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced(5)
- Transgelin(2)
- Translocase Of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane(2)
- Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells(2)
- Tripartite Motif(4)
- Tropomyosin(3)
- Troponin(16)
- TROVE Domain Family(3)
- Trypsin(4)
- TTC(3)
- Tubulin Folding Cofactor(5)
- Tubulin Gamma(2)
- U6 Small Nuclear RNA(5)
- Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase(3)
- Ubiquitin(16)
- UCHL1(4)
- UL16 binding protein(7)
- Uroplakin(2)
- Vacuolar Protein Sorting(7)
- Vascular cell adhesion molecule(5)
- V-crk Sarcoma Virus CT10(2)
- Vimentin(3)
- Visinin-Like Protein(2)
- V-ral Simian Leukemia Viral Oncogene(3)
- WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain(2)
- Y. Enterocolitica(8)
- Zinc Finger(16)
- Default Categoryobox(9)
- Default Categoryr Homolog(3)
- MOB1(2)
- POU Class(4)
- Protein-A(24)
- SIX Default Categoryobox(2)
- Synovial Sarcoma(2)
- Mps One Binder Kinase Activator(2)
- X Breakpoint(2)
- Cat.No. 产品名称 Information
- GP25152 Ara h 8.0101 Allergen Ara h 8.0101 Recombinant
- GP25151 Conglutin Allergen Ara h 6.0101 Recombinant
- GP25150 Glycinin Allergen Ara h 3.0101 Recombinant
- GP25149 Ara h 2.0201 Allergen Ara h 2.0201 (Conglutin-7) Recombinant
- GP25148 Ara h 1.0101 Allergen Ara h 1.0101 Recombinant
- GP25147 Fra e 1.0101 Allergen Fra e 1.0101 Recombinant
- GP25146 PhI p 12 Pollen Allergen Phl p 12 Recombinant
- GP25145 Polcalcin Phl p 7 Pollen Allergen Phl p 7 Recombinant
- GP25144 PhI p 6 Pollen allergen Phl p 6 Recombinant
- GP25143 PhI p 5 Group V allergen Phl p 5.0203 Recombinant
- GP25142 PhI p 2 Pollen allergen Phl p 2 Recombinant
- GP25141 PhI p 1 Pollen allergen Phl p 1 Recombinant
- GP25140 Cor a 1.0401 Major Pollen Allergen Cor a 1 .0401 Recombinant
- GP25139 Cor a 1.0103 Major pollen allergen Cor a 1 Recombinant
- GP25138 Car b 1.0109 Pollen allergen Car b 1 isoform Recombinant
- GP25137 BETV6.0102 Allergenic Isoflavone Reductase-Like Protein Bet v 6.0102 Recombinant
- GP25136 BETV4 Polcalcin Bet v 4 Recombinant
- GP25135 Bet v 2.0101 Profilin-1 Recombinant
- GP25134 Bet v 1.0101 Major pollen allergen Bet v 1-A Recombinant
- GP25133 Bet v 1.0101, Sf9 Major pollen allergen Bet v 1-A Recombinant, Sf9
- GP25132 Aln G 4.0101 Polcalcin Aln g 4 Recombinant
- GP25131 Gly m 5.0101 Alpha Subunit of Beta Conglycinin Recombinant
- GP25130 Gly m 4.0101 Stress-Induced Protein SAM22 Recombinant
- GP25129 Der F1 Der F1 Mosaic Protein Recombinant
-
GP25128
Der P1
Der P1 重组蛋白
- GP25127 Soybean P34 GST Soybean P34 Protein Recombinant, GST Tag
- GP25126 Soybean P34 Soybean P34 Protein Recombinant
- GP25125 Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A2 P00630 Bee Venom Protein Recombinant
- GP25124 STUB1 Human STIP1 Homology and U-Box Containing Protein 1 Human Recombinant
- GP25123 ST13 Human HSP70 Interacting Protein Human Recombinant
- GP25122 SKP E. Coli Chaperone Protein SKP E.Coli Recombinant
- GP25121 HSPBP1 Human Heat Shock Protein-Binding Protein 1 Human Recombinant
- GP25120 HSPBAP1 Human HSPB Associated Protein 1 Human Recombinant
- GP25119 HSPB9 Human Heat Shock Protein B9 Human Recombinant
- GP25118 HSPB8 Human, His Heat Shock 22kDa Protein 8 Human Recombinant, His Tag
- GP25117 HSPB8 Human Heat Shock Protein 22 kDa Protein-8 Human Recombinant
- GP25116 HSPB7 Human Heat Shock 27kDa Protein Family, Member 7 Human Recombinant
- GP25115 HSPB6 Human Heat Shock 27kDa Protein 6 Human Recombinant
- GP25114 HSPB3 Human Heat Shock 27kDa Protein 3 Human Recombinant
- GP25113 HSPB2 Human Heat Shock 27kDa Protein 2 Human Recombinant
- GP25112 HSPB11 Human Heat Shock Protein Family B Member 11 Human Recombinant
- GP25111 HSPA13 Human Heat shock 70kDa protein 13 Human Recombinant
- GP25110 HSPA9 Human Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 9 Human Recombinant
- GP25109 HSPA8 Human Heat Shock 70kDa Protein-8 Human Recombinant
- GP25108 HSPA6 Human Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 6 Human Recombinant
- GP25107 HSPA5 Mouse Heat Shock 70kDa protein 5 Recombinant Mouse
- GP25106 HSPA5 (19-654) Human Heat Shock 70kDa protein 5 (19-654 a.a.) Human Recombinant
- GP25105 HSPA5 Human, Hi-5 Heat shock 70kDa protein 5 Human Recombinant, Hi-5
- GP25104 HSPA5 Human Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 5 Human Recombinant
- GP25103 HSPA1B Human Heat Shock 70kDa protein 1B Human Recombinant