Z-Guggulsterone
(Synonyms: 孕二烯二酮) 目录号 : GC10195
A farnesoid X receptor antagonist
Cas No.:39025-23-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) |
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Preparation Method |
Cells were incubated with Z-Guggulsterone at increasing concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, and 20 M) for 1 h and then simulated with LPS in the presence or absence of TREM-1 agonist antibody for the indicated time. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0.5-20uM Z-Guggulsterone for 1h |
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Applications |
Z-Guggulsterone attenuates TREM-1-mediated hyperactivation of macrophages through inhibition of TREM-1 expression and NF-κB and AP-1 activation. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
IL-10, TLR4, and MyD88 deficient mice |
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Preparation Method |
Z-Guggulsterone were administered orally at 100 mg/kg once daily after TNBS administration for 4 days or throughout the experiment. The mice were monitored for weight loss, fecal consistency, presence of crude blood in the feces or anus, and overall mortality |
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Dosage form |
100 mg/kg Z-Guggulsterone orally administered once daily for 4 days |
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Applications |
Z-Guggulsterone improves colitis in mice by regulating macrophage phenotype through IL-10 and TLR4/MyD88 pathways. |
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References: [1]: Che X, Park KC, et,al. Protective effects of guggulsterone against colitis are associated with the suppression of TREM-1 and modulation of macrophages. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018 Jul 1;315(1):G128-G139. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2018. Epub 2018 Mar 15. PMID: 29543509. | |
Z-Guggulsterone, a component of the Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, suppresses angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo with IC50 values of 1740, 1000, 220 and > 50000 nM for glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen and farnesoid X receptors [1].
Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased, and active caspase-3 and Bax protein expression was increased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone. The content of TNF-α was significantly increased, and the contents of VEGF and TGF-β1 were decreased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone[3]. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and DU145 cells, z-guggulsterone (5, 10 and 20 μM) significantly decrease cell migration in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, inhibiting capillary-like tube formation[4]. Z-guggulsterone (30 μM) simultaneously inhibited the expression of PXR and MDR1 at 24 h in human brain-derived microvessel endothelial cells (hBDMECs)[5].Z-guggulsterone attenuated TREM-1-mediated macrophage hyperactivation by suppressing TREM-1 expression and NF-κB and AP-1 activation[2].
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule, that is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been associated with the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.In vivo, Z-Guggulsterone treatment dose-dependently increased PD-L1 expression levels in mouse LLC tumor models[6]. Z-Guggulsterone significantly alleviated neurological deficits, infarct volume and histopathological damage in MCAO rats. Z-Guggulsterone successfully inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treated neurons. Z-Guggulsterone exerted neuroprotective property through alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation via inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis[7].
References:
[1]: Burris TP, Montrose C, et,al. The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone is a promiscuous steroid receptor ligand. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;67(3):948-54. doi: 10.1124/mol.104.007054. Epub 2004 Dec 15. PMID: 15602004.
[2]: Che X, Park KC, et,al.Protective effects of guggulsterone against colitis are associated with the suppression of TREM-1 and modulation of macrophages. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018 Jul 1;315(1):G128-G139. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2018. Epub 2018 Mar 15. PMID: 29543509.
[3]: Lv R, Zhu M, et,al. Z-Guggulsterone Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells through the Intrinsic Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. ScientificWorldJournal. 2021 Jan 4;2021:3152304. doi: 10.1155/2021/3152304. PMID: 33488300; PMCID: PMC7801056.
[4]: Xiao D, Singh SV. z-Guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Jan;7(1):171-80. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0491. PMID: 18202020.
[5]: Xu HB, Tang ZQ, et,al. Z-guggulsterone regulates MDR1 expression mainly through the pregnane X receptor-dependent manner in human brain microvessel endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 May 5;874:173023. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173023. Epub 2020 Feb 19. PMID: 32087256.
[6]: Tian H, Gui Y, et,al. Z-guggulsterone induces PD-L1 upregulation partly mediated by FXR, Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways in non-small cell lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Apr;93:107395. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107395. Epub 2021 Jan 30. PMID: 33529916.
[7]: Liu T, Wang W, et,al. Z-Guggulsterone alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis in ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Dec;89(Pt B):107094. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107094. Epub 2020 Oct 28. PMID: 33129097.
Z-Guggulsterone 是阿育吠陀药用植物 Commiphora mukul 的一种成分，在体外和体内抑制血管生成，IC50 值为 1740、1000、220 和 >； 50000 nM 用于糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素、雄激素和法尼醇 X 受体 [1]。
在与 z-guggulsterone 孵育的 SGC-7901 细胞中，Bcl-2 蛋白表达显着降低，活性 caspase-3 和 Bax 蛋白表达增加。 z-guggulsterone[3]培养的SGC-7901细胞TNF-α含量显着升高，VEGF和TGF-β1含量显着降低。在人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 和 DU145 细胞中，z-guggulsterone（5、10 和 20 μM）以浓度和时间依赖性方式显着降低细胞迁移，抑制毛细管样管形成[4] 。 Z-guggulsterone (30 μM) 在 24 小时时同时抑制人脑微血管内皮细胞 (hBDMEC) 中 PXR 和 MDR1 的表达[5]。Z-guggulsterone 减弱 TREM-1 介导的巨噬细胞通过抑制 TREM-1 表达和 NF-κB 和 AP-1 激活来过度激活[2]。
程序性死亡配体 1 (PD-L1) 是一种免疫检查点分子，在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 中过度表达，并且与抗 PD-1/PD-L1 免疫疗法的反应有关.在体内，Z-Guggulsterone 剂量依赖性地增加了小鼠 LLC 肿瘤模型中的 PD-L1 表达水平[6]。 Z-Guggulsterone 显着减轻 MCAO 大鼠的神经功能缺损、梗塞体积和组织病理学损伤。 Z-Guggulsterone 成功抑制氧-葡萄糖剥夺 (OGD) 处理的神经元中的氧化应激和炎症反应。 Z-Guggulsterone 通过抑制 TXNIP/NLRP3 轴来减轻氧化应激和炎症，发挥神经保护作用[7]。
| Cas No. | 39025-23-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 孕二烯二酮 | ||
| 化学名 | (8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,Z)-17-ethylidene-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,16(2H,6H)-dione | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C[C@H]([C@@](/C1=C/C)(C)CC2)[C@@H](CC3)[C@@H]2[C@](CC4)(C)C3=CC4=O | ||
| 分子式 | C21H28O2 | 分子量 | 312.45 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 3.12mg/mL in DMSO with ultrasonic and warming | 储存条件 | Store at RT |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.2005 mL | 16.0026 mL | 32.0051 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6401 mL | 3.2005 mL | 6.401 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3201 mL | 1.6003 mL | 3.2005 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Z-Guggulsterone Is a Potential Lead Molecule of Dawa-ul-Kurkum against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
An ancient saffron-based polyherbal formulation, Dawa-ul-Kurkum (DuK), has been used to treat liver ailments and other diseases and was recently evaluated for its anticancer potential against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by our research team. To gain further insight into the lead molecule of DuK, we selected ten active constituents belonging to its seven herbal constituents (crocin, crocetin, safranal, jatamansone, isovaleric acid, cinnamaldehyde, coumaric acid, citral, guggulsterone and dehydrocostus lactone). We docked them with 32 prominent proteins that play important roles in the development, progression and suppression of HCC and those involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to identify the binding interactions between them. Three reference drugs for HCC (sorafenib, regorafenib, and nivolumab) were also examined for comparison. The in silico studies revealed that, out of the ten compounds, three of them-viz., Z-guggulsterone, dehydrocostus lactone and crocin-showed good binding efficiency with the HCC and ER stress proteins. Comparison of binding affinity with standard drugs was followed by preliminary in vitro screening of these selected compounds in human liver cancer cell lines. The results provided the basis for selecting Z-guggulsterone as the best-acting phytoconstituent amongst the 10 studied. Further validation of the binding efficiency of Z-guggulsterone was undertaking using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The effects of Z-guggulsterone on clone formation and cell cycle progression were also assessed. The anti-oxidant potential of Z-guggulsterone was analyzed through DPPH and FRAP assays. qRTPCR was utilized to check the results at the in vitro level. These results indicate that Z-guggulsterone should be considered as the main constituent of DuK instead of the crocin in saffron, as previously hypothesized.
Z-Guggulsterone alleviates renal fibrosis by mitigating G2/M cycle arrest through Klotho/p53 signaling
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide. Renal fibrosis is considered to be the final outcome and potential therapeutic target of CKD. Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS), an active compound derived from Commiphora mukul, has been proved to be e?ective in various diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Z-GS on renal fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells were used to simulate renal fibrosis, respectively. The mice and cells were treated with different doses of Z-GS to observe the pharmacological action. Results demonstrated that Z-GS lightened renal function and histopathological injury induced by UUO. Z-GS also alleviated renal fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β, and Collagen Ⅳ. Besides, Z-GS delayed G2/M cycle arrest by promoting the expressions of CDK1 and CyclinB1. Experiments in vitro indicated that Z-GS increased cell viability while decreased LDH release in hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells. In addition, fibrosis and G2/M cycle arrest induced by hypoxia in HK-2 cells were retarded by Z-GS. The study of its possible mechanism exhibited that Z-GS increased the level of Klotho and inhibited p53 level. Nevertheless, the effect of Z-GS on Klotho/p53 signaling was reversed by siRNA-Klotho. Moreover, siRNA-Klotho eliminated the effects of Z-GS on G2/M cycle arrest and fibrosis. Taken together, this study clarified that Z-GS alleviated renal fibrosis and G2/M cycle arrest through Klotho/p53 signaling. People who have suffered CKD may potentially benefit from treatment with Z-GS.
Z-Guggulsterone Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells through the Intrinsic Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway
Background: To study the effects of z-guggulsterone on gastric cancer cell apoptosis and the mechanism related.
Materials and methods: Human gastric tumor SGC-7901 cells and GES-1 normal epithelial cells were treated with z-guggulsterone (0-75 μM) for 24 h. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining were used to assess cell apoptosis. Western blotting was applied to evaluate FXR, small heterodimer partner (SHP), Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression. ELISA was applied to gain the levels of active caspase-3 and the contents of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF.
Results: The expression levels of FXR and SHP were higher in tumor cells than in normal epithelial cells. Inhibition of FXR signaling with z-guggulsterone dose-dependently inhibited SGC-7901 cell proliferation and promoted SGC-7901 cell apoptosis. Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased, and active caspase-3 and Bax protein expression was increased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone. The content of TNF-α was significantly increased, and the contents of VEGF and TGF-β1 were decreased in SGC-7901 cells incubated with z-guggulsterone.
Conclusions: Inhibition of FXR signaling with z-guggulsterone induced anticancer effects in SGC-7901 cells by decreasing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone induced cell apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating viral host receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)1, could represent a new chemoprophylactic approach for COVID-19 that complements vaccination2,3. However, the mechanisms that control the expression of ACE2 remain unclear. Here we show that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a direct regulator of ACE2 transcription in several tissues affected by COVID-19, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. We then use the over-the-counter compound z-guggulsterone and the off-patent drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to reduce FXR signalling and downregulate ACE2 in human lung, cholangiocyte and intestinal organoids and in the corresponding tissues in mice and hamsters. We show that the UDCA-mediated downregulation of ACE2 reduces susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, in vivo and in human lungs and livers perfused ex situ. Furthermore, we reveal that UDCA reduces the expression of ACE2 in the nasal epithelium in humans. Finally, we identify a correlation between UDCA treatment and positive clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection using retrospective registry data, and confirm these findings in an independent validation cohort of recipients of liver transplants. In conclusion, we show that FXR has a role in controlling ACE2 expression and provide evidence that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, paving the way for future clinical trials.
Z-Guggulsterone attenuates cognitive defects and decreases neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway
Growing evidence indicates that inflammatory damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS) is a natural steroid, which is extracted from Commiphora mukul and has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the disease-modifying effects of chronic Z-GS administration on the cognitive and neuropathological impairments in the transgenic mouse models of AD. We found that chronic Z-GS administration prevented learning and memory deficits in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addition, Z-GS treatment significantly decreased cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden via inhibiting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by reducing beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. We also found that Z-GS treatment markedly alleviated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were remarkably inhibited by Z-GS treatment, which was achieved via suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK. Collectively, our data demonstrate that chronic Z-GS treatment restores cognitive defects and reverses multiple neuropathological impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. This study provides novel insights into the neuroprotective effects and neurobiological mechanisms of Z-GS on AD, indicating that Z-GS is a promising disease-modifying agent for the treatment of AD.