Benzolamide
(Synonyms: CL11366) 目录号 : GC62864
Benzolamide (CL11366) 是一种有效的碳酸酐酶 (CA) 抑制剂，抑制hCA I，hCA II，EcoCAγ 和 VchCAγ 的 Ki 值分别为15 nM，9 nM，94 nM 和 78 nM。Benzolamide 还抑制 CAS3，Ki 值为 54 nM。Benzolamide 可用于青光眼和癫痫的研究。
Cas No.:3368-13-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Benzolamide (CL11366) is a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, with Kis of 15 nM, 9 nM, 94 nM and 78 nM for hCA I, hCA II, EcoCAγ and VchCAγ, respectively. Benzolamide also inhibits CAS3, with a Ki of 54 nM. Benzolamide can be used for the research of glaucoma and seizures[1][2][3].
Benzolamide inhibits hCA I, hCA II, EcoCAγ and VchCAγ, with Kis of 15 nM, 9 nM, 94 nM and 78 nM, respectively[1].Benzolamide shows selectivity for CAS3 (Ki=54 nM) over CAS1 (Ki=2115 nM) and CAS2 (Ki=410 nM)[2].
Benzolamide (90 µmol/kg; i.p.) decreases brain pH and suppresses electrographic post-asphyxia seizures in rats[3].
[1]. Prete SD, et, al. Escherichia coli γ-carbonic anhydrase: characterisation and effects of simple aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamide inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020 Dec;35(1):1545-1554.
[2]. Vullo D, et, al. Sulfonamide Inhibition Studies of the β-Class Carbonic Anhydrase CAS3 from the Filamentous Ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Molecules. 2020 Feb 25;25(5):1036.
[3]. Pospelov AS, et, al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors suppress seizures in a rat model of birth asphyxia. Epilepsia. 2021 Jun 27.
| Cas No. | 3368-13-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | CL11366 | ||
| 分子式 | C8H8N4O4S3 | 分子量 | 320.37 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 250 mg/mL (780.35 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.1214 mL | 15.607 mL | 31.2139 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6243 mL | 3.1214 mL | 6.2428 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3121 mL | 1.5607 mL | 3.1214 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Benzolamide improves oxygenation and reduces acute mountain sickness during a high-altitude trek and has fewer side effects than acetazolamide at sea level
Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016 May 19;4(3):e00203.PMID:27433337DOI:10.1002/prp2.203.
Acetazolamide is the standard carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor used for acute mountain sickness (AMS), however some of its undesirable effects are related to intracellular penetrance into many tissues, including across the blood-brain barrier. Benzolamide is a much more hydrophilic inhibitor, which nonetheless retains a strong renal action to engender a metabolic acidosis and ventilatory stimulus that improves oxygenation at high altitude and reduces AMS. We tested the effectiveness of Benzolamide versus placebo in a first field study of the drug as prophylaxis for AMS during an ascent to the Everest Base Camp (5340 m). In two other studies performed at sea level to test side effect differences between acetazolamide and Benzolamide, we assessed physiological actions and psychomotor side effects of two doses of acetazolamide (250 and 1000 mg) in one group of healthy subjects and in another group compared acetazolamide (500 mg), Benzolamide (200 mg) and lorazepam (2 mg) as an active comparator for central nervous system (CNS) effects. At high altitude, benzolamide-treated subjects maintained better arterial oxygenation at all altitudes (3-6% higher at all altitudes above 4200 m) than placebo-treated subjects and reduced AMS severity by roughly 50%. We found Benzolamide had fewer side effects, some of which are symptoms of AMS, than any of the acetazolamide doses in Studies 1 and 2, but equal physiological effects on renal function. The psychomotor side effects of acetazolamide were dose dependent. We conclude that Benzolamide is very effective for AMS prophylaxis. With its lesser CNS effects, Benzolamide may be superior to acetazolamide, in part, because some of the side effects of acetazolamide may contribute to and be mistaken for AMS.
Benzolamide inhibits low-threshold calcium currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
J Neurophysiol 1995 Dec;74(6):2774-7.PMID:8747235DOI:10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2774.
1. Benzolamide is a poorly permeant sulfonamide inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. We studied the effect of Benzolamide on low-threshold (LT) Ca currents in neonatal hippocampal CAl neurons. 2. In hippocampal slices, Benzolamide (2-10 microM) inhibited the LT current 30-75% in voltage-clamped CAl pyramidal cells (n = 6). In slices bathed in N-2-hydroxypiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered Ringer, Benzolamide also reduced the LT current, indicating that the action of the drug was not bicarbonate dependent. 3. Benzolamide inhibited LT Ca currents 20-75% in acutely dissociated CAl neurons in HEPES (n = 18): inhibition was 36 +/- 8% (mean +/- SE; n = 7) and 50 +/- 8% (n = 7) at 10 and 50 microM Benzolamide, respectively. By contrast, high-threshold calcium currents recorded in CAl pyramidal cells (n = 18) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (n = 4) were virtually unaffected by Benzolamide. 4. These results indicate that Benzolamide inhibits LT Ca channels in central neurons and suggest caution in the use of this agent to inhibit extracellular carbonic anhydrase in excitable tissues.
Benzolamide perpetuates acidic conditions during reperfusion and reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 Aug 1;125(2):340-352.PMID:29357509DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00957.2017.
During ischemia, increased anaerobic glycolysis results in intracellular acidosis. Activation of alkalinizing transport mechanisms associated with carbonic anhydrases (CAs) leads to myocardial intracellular Ca2+ increase. We characterize the effects of inhibition of CA with Benzolamide (BZ) during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Other hearts were treated with BZ (5 μM) during the initial 10 min of reperfusion or perfused with acid solution (AR, pH 6.4) during the first 3 min of reperfusion. p38MAPK, a kinase linked to membrane transporters and involved in cardioprotection, was examined in hearts treated with BZ in presence of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM). Infarct size (IZ) and myocardial function were assessed, and phosphorylated forms of p38MAPK, Akt, and PKCε were evaluated by immunoblotting. We determined the rate of intracellular pH (pHi) normalization after transient acid loading in the absence and presence of BZ or BZ + SB202190 in heart papillary muscles (HPMs). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Ca2+ retention capacity and Ca2+-mediated swelling after I/R were also measured. BZ, similarly to AR, reduced IZ, improved postischemic recovery of myocardial contractility, increased phosphorylation of Akt, PKCε, and p38MAPK, and normalized ΔΨm and Ca2+ homeostasis, effects abolished after p38MAPK inhibition. In HPMs, BZ slowed pHi recovery, an effect that was restored after p38MAPK inhibition. We conclude that prolongation of acidic conditions during reperfusion by BZ could be responsible for the cardioprotective benefits of reduced infarction and better myocontractile function, through p38MAPK-dependent pathways. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by Benzolamide (BZ) maintains acidity, decreases infarct size, and improves postischemic myocardial dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) hearts. Protection afforded by BZ mimicked the beneficial effects elicited by an acidic solution (AR). Increased phosphorylation of p38MAPK occurs in I/R hearts reperfused with BZ or with AR. Mitochondria from I/R hearts possess abnormal Ca2+ handling and a more depolarized membrane potential compared with control hearts, and these changes were restored by treatment with BZ or AR.
Cardioprotection of Benzolamide in a regional ischemia model: Role of eNOS/NO
Exp Mol Pathol 2018 Dec;105(3):345-351.PMID:30308197DOI:10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.10.003.
Background: Recent studies from our laboratory show the cardioprotective action of Benzolamide (BZ, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Objective: To examine the participation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of BZ in a model of regional ischemia. Methods: Isolated rat hearts perfused by Langendorff technique were submitted to 40 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion (IC). Other hearts received BZ during the first 10 min of reperfusion in absence or presence of L-NAME, NOS inhibitor. The infarct size (IS) and the post-ischemic recovery of myocardial function were measured. Oxidative/nitrosative damage were assessed by reduced glutathione (GSH) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine levels. The expression of phosphorylated forms of Akt, p38MAPK and eNOS, and the concentration of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also determined. Results: BZ significantly decreased IS (6.2 ± 0.5% vs. 34 ± 4%), improved post-ischemic contractility, preserved GSH levels and diminished TBARS and 3-nitrotyrosine. In IC hearts, P-Akt, P-p38MAPK and P-eNOS decreased and iNOS increased. After BZ addition the levels of P-kinases and P-eNOS increased and iNOS decreased. Except for P-Akt, P-p38MAPK and iNOS, the effects of BZ were abolished by L-NAME. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the treatment with BZ at the onset of reperfusion was effective to reduce cell death, contractile dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative damage produced by coronary artery occlusion. These BZ-mediated beneficial actions appear mediated by eNOS/NO-dependent pathways.
Benzolamide is not a membrane-impermeant carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2004 Jun;19(3):269-73.PMID:15499999DOI:10.1080/14756360410001689559.
Benzolamide, an orphan drug belonging to the pharmacological class of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors (CAIs) is widely used in many physiological and pharmacological studies, together with the clinically employed classical drugs, acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide or dichlorophenamide, it being frequently stated that Benzolamide is a membrane-impermeant inhibitor. We prove here that this is false: in fact Benzolamide is rather similar to acetazolamide from the point of view of penetrability through blood red cell membranes. Unlike these neutral drugs, the cationic, positively-charged CAIs incorporating either tetraalkyl ammonium or pyridinium moieties, due to their salt-like character are indeed membrane-impermeant, being the only type of low molecular weight compound possessing such properties. Selective inhibition of membrane-associated CA isozymes is relevant indeed in many physiological studies and also pharmacologically, since the tumor-associated isozymes (CA IX and XII) are both membrane-bound.