Gardenia yellow
(Synonyms: 西红花苷 I) 目录号 : GC60172
Gardenia yellow是一种常用的天然食用色素，具有良好的水溶性特性。
Cas No.:94238-00-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Gardenia yellow is a commonly used natural food coloring material with excellent water solubility properties [1]. Gardenia yellow has a potential capacity for DNA damage and could increase a number of sister chromatid exchange [2]. Gardenia yellow has been widely used as an internal reference for developing novel separation processes and purification techniques to prepare related compounds with high purity[3].
In vitro, Gardenia yellow treatment (400μM) for 20 hours significantly inhibited the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream signaling molecules[4].
In vivo, Gardenia yellow treatment via oral administration at a dose of 4.50g/kg/day for 90 days resulted in weight loss, pigment deposition in several important organs, and significant kidney damage in rats[5]. Oral administration of Gardenia yellow at a dose of 40mg/kg/day for two consecutive weeks improved neuroinflammation and restored liver mitochondrial function in corticosterone-induced depression mice[6]. Oral administration of Gardenia yellow at a dose of 40mg/kg daily for 3 weeks significantly attenuated diquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 male mice, accompanied by reduced collagen deposition[7].
References:
[1] Xu W, Yu J, Feng W, et al. Selective extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides by mechanochemistry[J]. Molecules, 2016, 21(5): 540.
[2] Ozaki A, Kitano M, Furusawa N, et al. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components[J]. Food and chemical Toxicology, 2002, 40(11): 1603-1610.
[3] Chen J F, Fu G M, Wan Y, et al. Enrichment and purification of gardenia yellow from Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino by column chromatography technique[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2012, 893: 43-48.
[4] Zhao C, Kam H T, Chen Y, et al. Crocetin and its glycoside crocin, two bioactive constituents from Crocus sativus L.(saffron), differentially inhibit angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cytoskeleton organization and cell migration through VEGFR2/SRC/FAK and VEGFR2/MEK/ERK signaling pathways[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12: 675359.
[5]Tang X, Wang Y, Yang W, et al. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity study of gardenia yellow E500 in sprague-dawley rats[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(2): 531.
[6] Xiao Q, Xiong Z, Yu C, et al. Antidepressant activity of crocin-I is associated with amelioration of neuroinflammation and attenuates oxidative damage induced by corticosterone in mice[J]. Physiology & behavior, 2019, 212: 112699.
[7] Xi S, Li X, Chen W, et al. Crocin-I mitigates diquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis via activation of the SIRT3/FOXO3a pathway[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2025, 186: 118043.
Gardenia yellow是一种常用的天然食用色素，具有良好的水溶性特性[1]。Gardenia yellow具有潜在的DNA损伤能力，可增加姐妹染色单体交换次数[2]。Gardenia yellow目前已作为参照物广泛应用于开发新型分离纯化技术以制备高纯度相关化合物[3]。
在体外，使用400μM的Gardenia yellow处理人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs) 20小时，能显著抑制细胞迁移和管状结构形成，并降低VEGFR2及下游信号分子的磷酸化水平[4]。
在体内，每日口服4.50g/kg/day剂量的Gardenia yellow连续90天，可导致大鼠体重减轻、多器官色素沉积及显著肾损伤[5]。连续两周每日口服40mg/kg/day剂量的Gardenia yellow，能改善corticosterone 诱导的抑郁小鼠神经炎症并恢复肝线粒体功能[6]。连续三周每日口服40mg/kg剂量的Gardenia yellow，可显著减轻diquat诱导的C57BL/6雄性小鼠肺纤维化，并减少胶原沉积[7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) |
Preparation Method | HUVECs were cultured in F-12K medium supplemented with 100μg/ml heparin, 30μg/ml ECGS, 10% FBS, and 1% P/S, and then cultured in a humidified incubator at 37℃ with 5% CO2. HUVECs were seeded in 24-well plates and cultured until cell confluence. Wound areas were created by scratching the monolayer with a 200μl pipette tip. After removing non-adherent cells by washing with PBS, high serum (10% FBS) medium containing various concentrations of Gardenia yellow (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400µM), 0.1% DMSO (solvent control), and 10μM SU5416 (positive control) was added to each well. After 20h of incubation, the cells were washed with PBS. Images were taken at 0 h and 20h and analyzed for cell migration distance. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400µM; 20h |
Applications | Gardenia yellow dose-dependently inhibited the cell migration of HUVECs. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats |
Preparation Method | SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were housed in IVC cages (40 air changes per hour). All cages were housed in a room with controlled light (10-h light/14-h dark cycle), temperature (20-25°C), and humidity (40%-70%). Rats received standard rodent feed and tap water ad libitum. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a solvent control group and an experimental group. The rats in the experimental group (n = 10) were given 0.00 and 4.50g/kg/day Gardenia yellow by gavage for 90 days, respectively. The organs and tissues of the rats were collected for analysis. |
Dosage form | 4.50g/kg/day for 90 days; p.o. |
Applications | Gardenia yellow treatment resulted in weight loss, pigment deposition in several important organs, and significant kidney damage in rats. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 94238-00-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 西红花苷 I | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [Gardenia yellow] | ||
| 分子式 | 分子量 | ||
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 30 mg/mL Water : 25 mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
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