Protosappanin A
(Synonyms: 原苏木素A; PTA) 目录号 : GC34742
ProtosappaninA(PTA)，是一种免疫制剂，是从CaesalpiniasappanL中分离得到的一种主要联苯化合物，通过下调JAK2和STAT3的磷酸化，抑制JAK2/STAT3依赖的炎症通路。
Cas No.:102036-28-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Protosappanin A (PTA), an immunosuppressive ingredient and major biphenyl compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L, suppresses JAK2/STAT3-dependent inflammation pathway through down-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3[1]. JAK2 STAT3
Protosappanin A (PTA: 12.5, 25, 50 μM, 24 hours) significantly inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. And the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 are reduced by PTA in a dose-dependent manner in BV2 microglial cell line[1].Protosappanin A (PTA: 12.5, 25, 50 μM, 24 hours) suppresses JAK2/STAT3-dependent inflammation pathway through down-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, as well as STAT3 nuclear translocation against LPS treatment[1].Protosappanin A (PTA: 12.5, 25, 50 μM, 24 hours) shows obvious effect on disturbing the interaction of transmembrane protein CD14 with Toll-like receptor-4, resulting in the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent oxidative and nitrative stress in LPS-induced BV2 microglia[2]. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Line: Murine BV2 microglial cell line.
[1]. Wang LC, et al. Protosappanin A exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Chin J Nat Med. 2017 Sep;15(9):674-679. [2]. Zeng KW, et al. Protosappanin A inhibits oxidative and nitrative stress via interfering the interaction of transmembrane protein CD14 with Toll-like receptor-4 in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglia. Int Immunopharmacol, 2012, 14(4): 558- 569.
| Cas No. | 102036-28-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 原苏木素A; PTA | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1CC2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2C3=CC=C(O)C=C3OC1 | ||
| 分子式 | C15H12O5 | 分子量 | 272.25 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | 4°C, away from moisture and light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.6731 mL | 18.3655 mL | 36.7309 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7346 mL | 3.6731 mL | 7.3462 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3673 mL | 1.8365 mL | 3.6731 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Protosappanin A Maintains Neuronal Mitochondrial Homeostasis through Promoting Autophagic Degradation of Bax
ACS Chem Neurosci 2020 Dec 16;11(24):4223-4230.PMID:33225685DOI:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00488.
Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by mitochondrial integrity destruction. Thus, reversion of mitochondrial damage holds great potential for cerebral ischemia therapy. As a crucial Bcl-2 family member, pro-apoptotic Bax protein is a main effector of mitochondrial permeabilization and plays an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. However, there is still a lack of an effective cerebral protective strategy through selectively targeting Bax. In this study, we reported that natural small-molecule Protosappanin A (PTA) showed a significant mitochondrial protective effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells injury through increasing ATP production and maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. The mechanism study revealed that PTA selectively induced pro-apoptotic protein Bax degradation, without affecting other Bcl-2 family members such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bad, Puma, Bid, Bim, and Bik. In addition, we found that PTA promoted the association of autophagosomal marker LC3B to Bax for its degradation via an autophagy-dependent manner but not the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Collectively, our findings offered a new pharmacological strategy for maintaining mitochondrial function by inducing autophagic degradation of Bax and also provided a novel drug candidate against ischemic neuronal injury.
Protosappanin A inhibits osteoclastogenesis via reducing oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017 Jul 1;10(7):7498-7510.PMID:31966594doi
Protosappanin A (PrA), obtained from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Caesalpinia sappan L. (Lignum Sappan), possesses a lot of pharmaceutical activities. Typically, it is a potent antioxidant. This study makes an effort to test its protective effects against osteoporosis by partially reducing oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells and a mouse ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model. The influence that PrA affected on osteoclastic proliferation and differentiation under oxidative status was investigated. Our results revealed that PrA significantly inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, it suppressed some osteoclastic markers by TRAP staining, bone section assay and quantitative real-time PCR. PrA decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, our results demonstrated that PrA supplementation improved some serum oxidative markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and inhibited some osteoclastic markers, such as CTX-1 and TRAP. Importantly, it ameliorated the micro-architecture of trabecular bones by micro-CT assay. In summary, these findings showed that protection by PrA against osteoporosis is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, suggesting that PrA may be useful in bone resorption related diseases, especially osteoporosis.
Protosappanin A protects against experimental autoimmune myocarditis, and induces metabolically reprogrammed tolerogenic DCs
Pharmacol Res 2019 Aug;146:104269.PMID:31078745DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104269.
Autoimmune myocarditis is an immune-mediated myocardial injury that evolves into dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Protosappanin A (PrA), an immunosuppressive compound, induces immune tolerance in cardiac transplantation. However, whether PrA confers protective immunosuppression on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is unknown. In this study, PrA treatment remarkably suppressed cardiac inflammatory cell infiltration and ameliorated cardiac remodeling in EAM mice. Additionally, PrA treatment reduced splenic T cells response, and induced expansion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Meanwhile, PrA induced the splenic dendritic cells (DCs) into a tolerogenic state with reduced co-stimulatory molecules, increased the production of tolerogenic cytokines in vivo. PrA also reprogrammed the metabolism of splenic DCs to a more glycolytic phenotype. To further investigate the effect of PrA on the functional and metabolic phenotype of DCs, the compound was added into the in vitro culture of MyHC-α-loaded DCs. These cells switched to a tolerogenic state and a metabolic profile similar to that found in cells during in ex vivo experiments. Treatment with glycolytic inhibitor 2-DG significantly reversed PrA-mediated DC tolerogenic properties, suggesting that glycolysis is indispensable for PrA-conditioned DCs to maintain their tolerogenic properties. Notably, PrA-conditioned DC vaccinations dampened EAM progress, and promoted Tregs expansion. Similarly, tolerogenic and metabolic patterns were also observed in PrA-modified human DC. In conclusion, PrA endows DC with a tolerogenic profile via glycolytic reprogramming, thereby inducing expansion of immunosuppressive Tregs, and preventing EAM progress. Our results suggested that PrA may confer immunosuppressive and protective effects on EAM by metabolically reprogramming DCs, which could contribute to the development of a new potential immunotherapy for the treatment of EAM and immune-related disorders.
Protosappanin A exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia
Chin J Nat Med 2017 Sep;15(9):674-679.PMID:28991528DOI:10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30096-1.
Microglial activation and resultant neuroinflammatory response are implicated in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Treatment with anti-neuroinflammatory agents could provide therapeutic benefits for such disorders. Protosappanin A (PTA) is a major bioactive ingredient isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L.. In this work, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of PTA on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells were investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Results showed that PTA significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were reduced by PTA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PTA suppressed JAK2/STAT3-dependent inflammation pathway through down-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, as well as STAT3 nuclear translocation against LPS treatment. These observations suggested a novel role for PTA in regulating LPS-induced neuroinflammatory injuries.
Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010 Jan;381(1):83-92.PMID:19924402DOI:10.1007/s00210-009-0461-5.
Protosappanin A as one major and effective ingredient from Caesalpinia sappan L. exhibited antirejection activity obviously in heart-transplanted rat. The present study was designed to screen out the potential target genes of Protosappanin A with microarray technology and reveal some molecular mechanism of immunosuppressive effect. Rats performed with ectopic peritoneal heart transplantation were randomized into three groups receiving different treatments for 7 days: Protosappanin A group (25 mg kg(-1)), cyclosporine A group (10 mg kg(-1)), and control group. The differentially expressed genes responding to Protosappanin A were analyzed with microarrays. Among common differentially expressed genes, the ones of interest were selected for further evaluation by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Among the 146 common differentially expressed genes, NF-kappaB and related genes like IkappaBa, IFN-r, and IP10 were selected for verification. The results of qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunochemistry, and ELISA showed that Protosappanin A significantly reduced the expression of NF-kappaB, IFN-r, and IP10 (p < 0.05) and increased IkappaBa expression (p < 0.05) in graft. Moreover, the immunochemistry staining of NF-kappaB and IkappaBa was mainly observed in infiltrating mononuclear cells. Strikingly, immunofluorescent staining localized NF-kappaB to the TCR-positive T cells in graft. Furthermore, Protosappanin A exhibited inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation in recipients after 7-day treatment. In conclusion, Protosappanin A might act on T cells through inhibiting NF-kappaB activation and downstream gene expressions of IFN-r and IP10, meanwhile reducing T cell proliferation responding to alloantigen, so as to induce immunosuppressive effect. The results encourage a potential therapeutic evaluation of Protosappanin A for clinical organ transplantation or other T cell-mediated immune disorders. Additionally, our study also verified the feasibility of microarray utilization in Chinese herb research to explore molecular mechanism and promote development of scientific theories.