Prodigiosin hydrochloride

Prodigiosin is a natural red bacterial pigment that has antibiotic, antitumor, and immunosuppressant properties.¹ It blocks T cell proliferation at a concentration of 30 ng/ml, by interfering with IL-2 receptor expression.² Prodigiosin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by diverse mechanisms and rescues deficient p53 signaling.^3,4,5 Prodigiosin derivatives can uncouple vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and inhibit osteoclast function.⁶ Prodigiosin is cytolytic against the red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium at very low concentrations (1 ppb), suggesting an application in controlling algal blooms.¹

1.Kim, D., Kim, J.F., Yim, J.H., et al.Red to red - the marine bacterium Hahella chejuensis and its product prodigiosin for mitigation of harmful algal bloomsJ. Microbiol. Biotechnol.18(10)1621-1629(2008) 2.Han, S.B., Park, S.H., Jeon, Y.J., et al.Prodigiosin blocks T cell activation by inhibiting interleukin-2Rα expression and delays progression of autoimmune diabetes and collagen-induced arthritisJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.299(2)415-425(2001) 3.Soto-Cerrato, V., Vi?als, F., Lambert, J.R., et al.Prodigiosin induces the proapoptotic gene NAG-1 via glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity in human breast cancer cellsMol. Cancer Ther.6(1)362-369(2016) 4.Hong, B., Prabhu, V.V., Zhang, S., et al.Prodigiosin rescues deficient p53 signaling and antitumor effects via upregulating p73 and disrupting its interaction with mutant p53Cancer Res.74(4)1153-1165(2014) 5.Hosseini, A., Espona-Fiedler, M., Soto-Cerrato, V., et al.Molecular interactions of prodiginines with the BH3 domain of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family membersPLoS One8(2)(2013) 6.Woo, J.T., Yonezawa, T., Cha, B.Y., et al.Pharmacological topics of bone metabolism: Antiresorptive microbial compounds that inhibit osteoclast differentiation, function, and survivalJ. Pharmacol. Sci.106(4)547-554(2008)