Intoplicine
(Synonyms: 茚托利辛; RP 60475) 目录号 : GC33165
Intoplicine是DNA拓扑异构酶I和II抑制剂。
Cas No.:125974-72-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Kinase experiment: | The assay is performed with various concentrations of calf thymus Topo II (20 to 0.1 decatenation units) in a 20 μL final reaction volume containing 0.25 μg of supercoiled pBR322 DNA, 20 mM Tris HC1 (pH 7.5), 60 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 30 μg /mL bovine serum albumin, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM Dithiothreitol, and 1 μM Intoplicine or water. The final nucleotide concentration is 20.8 μM.The reaction is assembled in ice and the reaction mixture is then incubated at 37°C for 5 min. Then sample is mixed at room temperature with 20 μL of preaggregated silver hydrosol and immediately analyzed by SERS. Control experiments consisting of measurement of the SERS spectra of buffer alone, Topo II alone, Intoplicine alone (1μM), DNA alone, Topo II+Intoplicine, and DNA+Intoplicine are performed under the same conditions, except that distilled water is used to adjust the reaction volume to 20μL[2]. |
Cell experiment: | The K562 human erythroleukemia cell line is established from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cells are in the exponential growth phase at 5-8×105 in RPMI 1640 (GIBCO) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Seromed) and 2 mM L-glutamine. Cell growth and viability are determined by phase contrast microscopy and by using the trypan blue test. Cells (2×106) are incubated with 1 μM Intoplicine for 1 h at 37°C, washed twice with PBS by centrifugation (200× g at 4°C) and resuspended in 200 μL PBS[2]. |
References: [1]. Eckardt JR, et al. Activity of Intoplicine (RP60475), a new DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jan 5;86(1):30-3. | |
Intoplicine is a DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitor.
Activity of Intoplicine (RP60475), a new DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units in vitro. Intoplicine (RP60475) is the most active analogue evaluated in the 7H-benzo[e]-pyrido-[4,3-b]-indole series of antineoplastic compounds. Intoplicine exerts its activity through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I and II[1]. Intoplicine is found to unwind DNA and to inhibit purified calf thymus topoisomerase II via a stabilization of the ternary cleavable complex[2].
[1]. Eckardt JR, et al. Activity of Intoplicine (RP60475), a new DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jan 5;86(1):30-3. [2]. Morjani H, et al. Molecular and cellular interactions between Intoplicine, DNA, and topoisomerase II studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. Cancer Res. 1993 Oct 15;53(20):4784-90.
| Cas No. | 125974-72-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 茚托利辛; RP 60475 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC=C2C3=C(NC4=C3C(NCCCN(C)C)=NC=C4C)C=CC2=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C21H24N4O | 分子量 | 348.44 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.8699 mL | 14.3497 mL | 28.6993 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.574 mL | 2.8699 mL | 5.7399 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.287 mL | 1.435 mL | 2.8699 mL |
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Activity of Intoplicine (RP60475), a new DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitor, against human tumor colony-forming units in vitro
J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Jan 5;86(1):30-3.PMID:8271279DOI:10.1093/jnci/86.1.30.
Background: Intoplicine (RP60475) is the most active analogue evaluated in the 7H-benzo[e]-pyrido-[4,3-b]-indole series of antineoplastic compounds. It exerts its activity through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I and II. Purpose: This study was planned to determine plasma concentrations of Intoplicine necessary for optimal clinical antitumor activity, as well as to pinpoint possible responsive tumor types that can be included in phase II clinical studies. Methods: Tumor specimens were collected from patients as part of routine clinical measures. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from freshly obtained solid tumor biopsy specimens and were exposed to Intoplicine either for 1 hour or continuously. The sensitivity of these specimens to Intoplicine was evaluated in a human tumor soft-agar cloning assay. Response was considered positive when the colony-forming unit count in drug-treated samples was 50% or less than the response of control tumor samples treated with saline. Results: With 1-hour exposure to Intoplicine at final concentrations of 2.5 micrograms/mL and 10.0 micrograms/mL, 26% and 54% of the assessable specimens showed positive in vitro responses, respectively. With continuous exposure to Intoplicine at concentrations of 0.25 micrograms/mL and 2.5 micrograms/mL, 16% and 71% of the assessable specimens showed positive responses, respectively. Activity was seen against breast (71%), non-small-cell lung (69%), and ovarian (45%) cancer colony-forming units at a Intoplicine concentration of 10.0 micrograms/mL after 1-hour exposure. Incomplete cross-resistance with doxorubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, vinblastine, and etoposide was also observed. Conclusions: Intoplicine appears to be active in vitro against a variety of human tumors, including a subgroup of tumors insensitive in vitro to standard antineoplastic compounds. If plasma levels of 10.0 micrograms/mL can be achieved in subjects in ongoing clinical trials, Intoplicine could have significant clinical activity. Implications: These data indicate that further investigation of Intoplicine is warranted.
Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor Intoplicine administered as a 24 h infusion: phase I and pharmacologic study
Anticancer Drugs 1999 Jan;10(1):17-23.PMID:10194543DOI:10.1097/00001813-199901000-00003.
Intoplicine, an antitumor drug which interacts with both topoisomerase enzymes I and II, has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity in preclinical studies. This indicates further clinical evaluation. In the present phase I study, with the primary objective to determine the maximum tolerated dose, Intoplicine was administered by a 24 h continuous infusion every 21 days to 32 patients with solid malignant tumors. The patients received 12-640 mg/m2 by a central venous catheter. Liver toxicity was dose limiting. One patient died in a hepatic coma after the first course (dose 640 mg/m2), which was associated with Intoplicine treatment. Other side effects were sporadic and mild. Myelotoxicity was virtually absent. Twenty-two patients had stable disease for four to six courses of treatment. The plasma concentration-time curves were compatible with standard linear pharmacokinetic models, with a protracted terminal half-life (mean 115 h). Although one sudden death occurred probably due to Intoplicine toxicity, we nevertheless feel that research with Intoplicine should continue, mainly because of its preclinical activity and its unique mechanism of action. The recommended dose for phase II studies with Intoplicine administered as a 24 h infusion is 384 mg/m2. Liver toxicity, also seen in studies employing other dosages and infusion durations, should be investigated extensively in further clinical studies.
Dual topoisomerase I and II inhibition by Intoplicine (RP-60475), a new antitumor agent in early clinical trials
Mol Pharmacol 1993 Oct;44(4):767-74.PMID:8232227doi
The mechanisms of action of Intoplicine (RP-60475), a 7H-benzo[e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivative that is presently in early clinical trials, have been investigated. Intoplicine induced both topoisomerase I- and II-mediated DNA strand breaks, using purified topoisomerases. The topoisomerase cleavage site patterns induced by Intoplicine were unique, relative to those of camptothecin, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), and other known topoisomerase inhibitors. Both topoisomerase I- and II-induced DNA breaks decreased at drug concentrations higher than 1 microM, which is consistent with the DNA-intercalating activity of Intoplicine. DNA damage was investigated in KB cells in culture by using alkaline elution. Intoplicine induced single-strand breaks (SSB) in a bell-shaped manner with respect to drug concentration (maximum frequency at 1 microM approximately 220 rad-equivalents). SSB formation was fast, whereas reversal after drug removal was slow. Similar bell-shaped curves were obtained for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and DNA-protein cross-links. SSB and DNA-protein cross-link frequencies were approximately equal, and no protein-free breaks were detectable, indicating the protein concealment of the breaks, as expected for topoisomerase inhibition. Comparison of SSB and DSB frequencies indicated that Intoplicine produced a significant amount of SSB not related to DSB, which is consistent with concomitant inhibition of both DNA topoisomerases I and II in cells. Data derived from resistant cell lines indicated that multidrug-resistant cells were cross-resistant to Intoplicine but that m-AMSA- and camptothecin-resistant cells were sensitive to Intoplicine. Hence, Intoplicine might circumvent topoisomerase I-mediated and topoisomerase II-mediated resistance by poisoning both enzymes simultaneously.
Phase I trial of Intoplicine (RP 60475) administered as a 72 h infusion every 3 weeks in patients with solid tumors
Anticancer Drugs 1999 Nov;10(10):889-94.PMID:10630356DOI:10.1097/00001813-199911000-00004.
Intoplicine (RP 60475) was selected for a phase I evaluation because it inhibits topoisomerase I and II, and has exhibited antitumor activity against a variety of preclinical solid tumor models. Intoplicine is a 7H-benzo[e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole that inhibits DNA nicking and closing reactions by stabilizing the cleavable complex, a transient intermediate in the religation reaction involving topoisomerase I and II and DNA. Twenty-eight patients with refractory advanced malignancies who met standard phase I eligibility criteria were enrolled in a dose-escalation study of Intoplicine, ranging from 7 to 420 mg/m2/day administered as a continuous 72 h i.v. infusion. Fifty-three courses were administered and evaluated. Myelosuppression (four patients, grade 3; two patients, grade 4) and hepatic toxicity (one patient, grade 3) were dose limiting at 336 mg/m2/day. No objective antitumor responses were observed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Intoplicine were investigated in 11 patients at dose levels of 112 (n=1), 224 (n=3), 336 (n=6) and 420 (n=1) mg/m2/day. Both the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves and the maximum plasma concentrations increased linearly within the dose range studied. Intoplicine content measured in whole blood exceeded that found in plasma by 3- to 7-fold, indicating that red blood cells may serve as a drug reservoir. Preclinical cytotoxic concentrations were not achieved at the dose levels studied.
Phase I and pharmacology study of Intoplicine (RP 60475; NSC 645008), novel topoisomerase I and II inhibitor, in cancer patients
Anticancer Drugs 1996 Feb;7(2):166-74.PMID:8740721DOI:10.1097/00001813-199602000-00004.
Intoplicine (RP 60475F; NSC 645008) is a novel 7H-benzo[e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivative which interacts with both topoisomerases I and II. Because of its high activity in preclinical cancer models, original mechanism of action and acceptable toxicity profile, Intoplicine was further evaluated in a phase I and pharmacology study. Thirty-three (33) patients (24 men and nine women) meeting standard phase I eligibility criteria were included: median age was 56 years, performance status 0-1 in 28 patients and 2 in five patients. Tumor primary sites were head and neck (9), colon (6), lung (3) and various other sites (15). Thirty-one patients had received prior radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Sixty-nine coursed of Intoplicine were administered as a 1 h i.v. infusion at dose levels ranging from 12 to 360 mg/m2. Dose-dependent and reproducible hepatotoxicity was dose limiting in three out of four patients at 360 mg/m2: this toxicity was reversible in two of three patients, but fatal in one. Two sudden deaths occurred in this study at 12 and 48 mg/m2, and the drug implication could not be excluded. No myelosuppression was noted. Hepatotoxicity is therefore dose limiting at 360 mg/m2, and the phase II recommended dose is 270 mg/m2 every 3 weeks with close monitoring of hepatic and cardiac functions. Intoplicine pharmacokinetics was determined in plasma (23 patients) and whole blood (18 patients) at doses ranging from 12 to 360 mg/m2. Intoplicine plasma concentration decay was either bi- or triphasic with the following pharmacokinetic values (mean +/- SEM): half-life alpha, 0.04 +/- 0.004 h; half-life beta, 0.61 +/- 0.13 h; terminal half-life, 19.4 +/- 4.0 h; mean residence-time (MRT), 11.3 +/- 2.4; total plasma clearance (CL), 74 +/- 5 l/h; volume of distribution beta (V beta), 1982 +/- 477 l: volume of distribution at steady state (Vss): 802 +/- 188 l. both the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) increased linearly with the Intoplicine dose, indicating linear pharmacokinetics (AUC: r = 0.937; slope = 0.01305; p < 0.001; Cmax: r = 0.847; slop = 0.01115; p < 0.001). Plasma AUC was also predicted very accurately by the Cmax values (r = 0.909; slope = 1.0701; p < 0.001). Other plasma pharmacokinetic parameter values increased significantly with dose, e.g. the terminal half-life (r = 0.748, p < 0.001) the MRT (r = 0.728, p < 0.001), the V beta (r = 0.809, p < 0.001), and the Vss (r = 0.804, p < 0.001). This was probably due to a longer detectability of the drug in plasma at higher doses. Blood pharmacokinetics was also evaluated in 18 patients since it was found that red blood cells represented a significant drug reservoir for Intoplicine. Blood Intoplicine disposition curves were either bi- or triphasic with the following pharmacokinetic parameter values (mean +/- SEM): half-life alpha, 0.04 +/- 0.01 h; half-life beta, 0.94 +/- 0.22 h; terminal half-life, 57.1 +/- 6.6 h; MRT, 82.2 +/- 9.9 h; CL, 18 +/- 3 l/h; V beta, 1188 +/- 147 I; Vss 1163 +/- 138 I. Blood pharmacokinetics was linear, since AUC and Cmax increased linearly with dose (AUC: r = 0.879; slop = 0.06884; p < 0.001; Cmax: r = 0.835, slop = 0.01223; p < 0.001). Blood AUC values could also be determined by the blood Cmax (r = 0.768; slop = 5.0206; p < 0.001). Other blood pharmacokinetic parameter values presented a dose dependence, e.g. the terminal half-life (r = 0.626, p = 0.005), the V beta (r = 0.682, p = 0.002) and the Vss (r = 0.555, p = 0.017). The plasma or blood Intoplicine concentrations achieved in vivo in humans are potentially cytotoxic levels based on preclinical in vivo and in vitro data. In conclusion, the phase II recommended dose of Intoplicine is 270 mg/m2 administered as a 1 h i.v. infusion every 3 weeks. Plasma and blood pharmacokinetics were linear within the dose range studied. Potentially cytotoxic concentrations were reached at clinically achievable doses.