APG-115
(Synonyms: AA-115) 目录号 : GC35367
APG-115 (APG-115) 是一种具有口服活性的 MDM2 蛋白抑制剂，与 MDM2 蛋白结合，IC50 和 Ki 值分别为 3.8 nM 和 1 nM。 APG-115 阻断 MDM2 和 p53 的相互作用，并以 p53 依赖性方式诱导细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡。
Cas No.:1818393-16-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
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APG-115 (AA-115) is an orally active MDM2 protein inhibitor binding to MDM2 protein with IC50 and Ki values of 3.8 nM and 1 nM, respectively[1]. APG-115 blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner[2][3]. IC50: 3.8 nm (APG-115)[1]
APG-115 (0.001-100 μM; 72 hours) inhibits cell proliferation in concentration-dependent manner, with IC50s of 18.9 ± 15.6 nM and 103.5 ± 18.3 nM respectively in AGS and MKN45 cells[3].APG-115 (0.02 μM, 0.2 μM; 48 hours) enhances the anti-proliferative effect of radiotherapy at different radiation dose[3].APG-115 (0.02 μM, 0.2 μM; 48 hours) affects progression by inducing cells arrested at G0/G1 phase in AGS and MKN45 cell with wild p53[3].APG-115 (0.02 μM, 0.2 μM; 24 hours) activates p53 to enhance radiosensitivity in AGS and MKN45 cells; stable knockout of p53 abrogates expression of MDM2, p53, p21, PUMA, BAX, Cleaved-caspase3, γH2AX[3].APG-115 (0.3 μM, 1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM; 24 hours) leads to a concentration-dependent cell cycle arrest in G2/M phases and a decreasing in S-phase in p53 wide-type cell lines (TPC-1, KTC-1)[4]. Cell Proliferation Assay[3] Cell Line: AGS and MKN45 cells
APG-115 (Delivered orally; 100 mg/kg; once daily; 10 days) enhances radiation antitumor effect in gastric adenocarcinoma in vivo[3]. Animal Model: Four-week-old male BALB/c athymic nude mice with MKN45 cells[3]
[1]. Angelo Aguilar, et al. 4-((3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-Chloro-4′-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1′-ethyl-2″-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-indoline]-5′-carboxamido)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic Acid (AA-115/APG-115): A Potent and Orally Active Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) Inhibitor in Clinical Development. J Med Chem. 2017 Apr 13; 60(7): 2819-2839. [2]. A W Tolcher et al, A phase Ib/II study of APG-115 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanomas or advanced solid tumors, Ann Oncol. 2019 Feb 1; 30(Supplement_1). pii: mdz027. [3]. Hanjie Yi ea al, A novel small molecule inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (APG-115) enhances radiosensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma, J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018 May 2;37(1):97. [4]. Chen H, et al. Restoration of p53 using the novel MDM2-p53 antagonist APG115 suppresses dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 27;8(26):43008-43022.
| Cas No. | 1818393-16-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | AA-115 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2[C@]13C4(CCCCC4)N(CC)[C@@H](C(NC56CCC(CC6)(C(O)=O)CC5)=O)[C@@H]3C7=C(C(Cl)=CC=C7)F | ||
| 分子式 | C34H38Cl2FN3O4 | 分子量 | 642.59 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.5562 mL | 7.781 mL | 15.562 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3112 mL | 1.5562 mL | 3.1124 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1556 mL | 0.7781 mL | 1.5562 mL |
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每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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MDM2 inhibitor APG-115 synergizes with PD-1 blockade through enhancing antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment
J Immunother Cancer 2019 Nov 28;7(1):327.PMID:31779710DOI:10.1186/s40425-019-0750-6.
Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade has achieved clinical successes in cancer therapy. However, the response rate of anti-PD-1 agents remains low. Additionally, a subpopulation of patients developed hyperprogressive disease upon PD-1 blockade therapy. Combination therapy with targeted agents may improve immunotherapy. Recent studies show that p53 activation in the myeloid linage suppresses alternative (M2) macrophage polarization, and attenuates tumor development and invasion, leading to the hypothesis that p53 activation may augment antitumor immunity elicited by anti-PD-1 therapy. Method: Using APG-115 that is a MDM2 antagonist in clinical development as a pharmacological p53 activator, we investigated the role of p53 in immune modulation and combination therapy with PD-1 blockade. Results: In vitro treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with APG-115 resulted in activation of p53 and p21, and a decrease in immunosuppressive M2 macrophage population through downregulation of c-Myc and c-Maf. Increased proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization was observed in the spleen from mice treated with APG-115. Additionally, APG-115 has co-stimulatory activity in T cells and increases PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. In vivo, APG-115 plus anti-PD-1 combination therapy resulted in enhanced antitumor activity in Trp53wt, Trp53mut, and Trp53-deficient (Trp53-/-) syngeneic tumor models. Importantly, such enhanced activity was abolished in a syngeneic tumor model established in Trp53 knockout mice. Despite differential changes in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), including the increases in infiltrated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in Trp53wt tumors and M1 macrophages in Trp53mut tumors, a decrease in the proportion of M2 macrophages consistently occurred in both Trp53wt and Trp53mut tumors upon combination treatment. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that p53 activation mediated by APG-115 promotes antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regardless of the Trp53 status of tumors per se. Instead, such an effect depends on p53 activation in Trp53 wild-type immune cells in the TME. Based on the data, a phase 1b clinical trial has been launched for the evaluation of APG-115 in combination with pembrolizumab in solid tumor patients including those with TP53mut tumors.
MDM2 inhibition: an important step forward in cancer therapy
Leukemia 2020 Nov;34(11):2858-2874.PMID:32651541DOI:10.1038/s41375-020-0949-z.
Targeting the interaction between tumor suppressor p53 and the E3 ligase MDM2 represents an attractive treatment approach for cancers with wild-type or functional TP53. Indeed, several small molecules have been developed and evaluated in various malignancies. We provide an overview of MDM2 inhibitors under preclinical and clinical investigation, with a focus on molecules with ongoing clinical trials, as indicated by ClinicalTrials.gov . Because preclinical and clinical exploration of combination strategies is underway, data supporting these combinations are also described. We identified the following molecules for inclusion in this review: RG7112 (RO5045337), idasanutlin (RG7388), AMG-232 (KRT-232), APG-115, BI-907828, CGM097, siremadlin (HDM201), and milademetan (DS-3032b). Information about each MDM2 inhibitor was collected from major congress records and PubMed using the following search terms: each molecule name, "MDM2"and "HDM2." Only congress records were limited by date (January 1, 2012-March 6, 2020). Special attention was given to available data in hematologic malignancies; however, available safety data in any indication are reported. Overall, targeting MDM2 is a promising treatment strategy, as evidenced by the increasing number of MDM2 inhibitors entering the clinic. Additional clinical investigation is needed to further elucidate the role of MDM2 inhibitors in the treatment of human cancers.
MDM2 inhibitor APG-115 exerts potent antitumor activity and synergizes with standard-of-care agents in preclinical acute myeloid leukemia models
Cell Death Discov 2021 May 3;7(1):90.PMID:33941774DOI:10.1038/s41420-021-00465-5.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous clonal disease associated with unmet medical needs. Paralleling the pathology of other cancers, AML tumorigenesis and propagation can be ascribed to dysregulated cellular processes, including apoptosis. This function and others are regulated by tumor suppressor P53, which plays a pivotal role in leukemogenesis. Opposing P53-mediated activities is the mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), which promotes P53 degradation. Because the TP53 mutation rate is low, and MDM2 frequently overexpressed, in patients with leukemia, targeting the MDM2-P53 axis to restore P53 function has emerged as an attractive AML treatment strategy. APG-115 is a potent MDM2 inhibitor under clinical development for patients with solid tumors. In cellular cultures and animal models of AML, we demonstrate that APG-115 exerted substantial antileukemic activity, as either a single agent or when combined with standard-of-care (SOC) hypomethylating agents azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), or the DNA-damaging agent cytarabine (Ara-C). By activating the P53/P21 pathway, APG-115 exhibited potent antiproliferative and apoptogenic activities, and induced cell cycle arrest, in TP53 wild-type AML lines. In vivo, APG-115 significantly reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival. Combinations of APG-115 with SOC treatments elicited synergistic antileukemic activity. To explain these effects, we propose that APG-115 and SOC agents augment AML cell killing by complementarily activating the P53/P21 pathway and upregulating DNA damage. These findings and the emerging mechanism of action afford a sound scientific rationale to evaluate APG-115 (with or without SOC therapies) in patients with AML.
The ubiquitin ligase MDM2 sustains STAT5 stability to control T cell-mediated antitumor immunity
Nat Immunol 2021 Apr;22(4):460-470.PMID:33767425DOI:10.1038/s41590-021-00888-3.
Targeting the p53-MDM2 pathway to reactivate tumor p53 is a chemotherapeutic approach. However, the involvement of this pathway in CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity is unknown. Here, we report that mice with MDM2 deficiency in T cells exhibit accelerated tumor progression and a decrease in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell survival and function. Mechanistically, MDM2 competes with c-Cbl for STAT5 binding, reduces c-Cbl-mediated STAT5 degradation and enhances STAT5 stability in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction with a pharmacological agent, APG-115, augmented MDM2 in T cells, thereby stabilizing STAT5, boosting T cell immunity and synergizing with cancer immunotherapy. Unexpectedly, these effects of APG-115 were dependent on p53 and MDM2 in T cells. Clinically, MDM2 abundance correlated with T cell function and interferon-γ signature in patients with cancer. Thus, the p53-MDM2 pathway controls T cell immunity, and targeting this pathway may treat patients with cancer regardless of tumor p53 status.
A novel small molecule inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (APG-115) enhances radiosensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma
J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018 May 2;37(1):97.PMID:29716622DOI:10.1186/s13046-018-0765-8.
Background: Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Radiation alone or combined with chemotherapy plays important role in locally advanced and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. MDM2-p53 interaction and downstream signaling affect cellular response to DNA damage which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, restoring p53 function by inhibiting its interaction with MDM2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. APG-115 is a novel small molecule inhibitor which blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53. In this study, we investigated that the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The role of APG-115 in six gastric cancer cells viability in vitro was determined by CCK-8 assay. The expression level of MDM2, p21, PUMA and BAX in AGS and MKN45 cell lines was measured via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The function of treatment groups on cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected through Flow Cytometry assay. Clonogenic assays were used to measure the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in p53 wild type gastric cancer cell lines. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of mdm2-p53 signal pathway. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the radiosensitivity role of APG-115 in gastric cancer cells in vivo. Results: We found that radiosensitization by APG-115 occurred in p53 wild-type gastric cancer cells. Increasing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was observed after administration of APG-115 and radiation. Radiosensitivity of APG-115 was mainly dependent on MDM2-p53 signal pathway. In vivo, APG-115 combined with radiation decreased xenograft tumor growth much more significantly than either single treatment. Moreover, the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67) significantly decreased in combination group compared with single treatment group. Conclusions: In summary, we found that combination of MDM2-p53 inhibitor (APG-115) and radiotherapy can enhance antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report on radiosensitivity of APG-115 which shed light on clinical trial of the combination therapy of radiation with APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma.