Fluxametamide
(Synonyms: 4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异恶唑基]-N-[(甲氧基氨基)亚甲基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺) 目录号 : GC30088Fluxametamide是一种广谱的杀虫剂,为GABA-和谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(chloridechannel)拮抗剂,对M.domestica中GABACl和GluCl的IC50值分别为1.95?nM和225?nM。
Cas No.:928783-29-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Fluxametamide is an insecticide with wide spectrum, acts as an antagonist of GABA- and glutamate-gated chloride channels, with IC50 of 1.95 nM and 225 nM for M. domestica GABACls and GluCls.
Fluxametamide is an antagonist of GABA- and glutamate-gated chloride channels, dose-dependently inhibits currents induced by GABA and glutamate in M. domestica GABACls and GluCls, with IC50 values of 1.95 (1.18-3.21) nM and 225 (137-372) nM, respectively, and displays potent antagonistic activity against T. urticae GABACls with an IC50 of 0.219 (0.127-0.381) nM. Fluxametamide inhibits GABA responses in the wild-type L. striatellus GABACls with IC50 values of 1.40 (0.57-3.29) nM; in the A2′N mutant GABACls, the IC50 value is 3.51 (2.17-5.69) nM. Moreover, Fluxametamide scarcely inhibits GABA (EC50)-induced currents in rat GABACls at 10 μM and with no inhibition on glycine (EC50)-induced current in human α1 GlyCls at tested concentrations[1].
Fluxametamide shows significant insecticidal activity with an LD50 (LD95) value of 12.9 ± 4.9 ng/fly (38.7 ± 6.3 ng/fly)[1].
[1]. MihoAsahi, et al. Fluxametamide: A novel isoxazoline insecticide that acts via distinctive antagonism of insect ligand-gated chloride channels. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
Cas No. | 928783-29-3 | SDF | |
别名 | 4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异恶唑基]-N-[(甲氧基氨基)亚甲基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺 | ||
Canonical SMILES | FC(F)(C1(C2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C2)CC(C3=CC(C)=C(C(N/C=N/OC)=O)C=C3)=NO1)F | ||
分子式 | C20H16Cl2F3N3O3 | 分子量 | 474.26 |
溶解度 | DMSO : 125 mg/mL (263.57 mM);Water : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
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Fluxametamide (Pesticides)
Food Saf (Tokyo) 2020 Mar 27;8(1):10-11.32231959 PMC7101470
FSCJ conducted a risk assessment of Fluxametamide (CAS No. 928783-29-3), an isoxazoline insecticide, based on results from various studies. The data used in the assessment include the fate in animals, fate in plants, residues in crops, subacute toxicity, subacute neurotoxicity, chronic toxicity, combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity, carcinogenicity, two-generation reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and genotoxicity. Alveolar macrophage accumulation, vacuolated epithelial cells in the small intestine, and hepatocellular vacuolation are observed in various toxicity studies. Increased incidences of thyroid follicular cell adenoma in male rats and of hepatocellular adenoma in male mice were observed in carcinogenicity studies. However, a genotoxic mechanism was unlikely to be involved in the tumor increases. FSCJ specified an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.0085 mg/kg bw per day, applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL, 0.85 mg/kg bw per day, that was derived from the two-year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats.
Fluxametamide: A novel isoxazoline insecticide that acts via distinctive antagonism of insect ligand-gated chloride channels
Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018 Oct;151:67-72.30704715 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.02.002
Fluxametamide is a novel wide-spectrum insecticide that was discovered and synthesized by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. To identify the mode of action of Fluxametamide, we first performed [3H]4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB) binding assays. Fluxametamide potently inhibited the specific binding of [3H]EBOB to housefly-head membranes, suggesting that Fluxametamide affects insect γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (GABACls). Next, the antagonism of housefly GABACls and glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) was examined using the two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) method. Fluxametamide inhibited agonist responses in both ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes in the nanomolar range, indicating that this insecticide is a ligand-gated chloride channel (LGCC) antagonist. The insecticidal and LGCC antagonist potencies of Fluxametamide against fipronil-susceptible and fipronil-resistant strains of small brown planthoppers and two-spotted spider mites, which are insensitive to fipronil, were evaluated. Fluxametamide exhibited similar levels of both activities in these fipronil-susceptible and fipronil-resistant arthropod pests. These data indicate that Fluxametamide exerts distinctive antagonism of arthropod GABACls by binding to a site different from those for existing antagonists. In contrast to its profound actions on the arthropod LGCCs, the antagonistic activity of Fluxametamide against rat GABACls and human glycine-gated chloride channels was nearly insignificant, suggesting that Fluxametamide has high target-site selectivity for arthropods over mammals. Overall, Fluxametamide is a new type of LGCC antagonist insecticide with excellent safety for mammals at the target-site level.
Development of S-Fluxametamide for Bioactivity Improvement and Risk Reduction: Systemic Evaluation of the Novel Insecticide Fluxametamide at the Enantiomeric Level
Environ Sci Technol 2019 Dec 3;53(23):13657-13665.31684725 10.1021/acs.est.9b03697
Increasing numbers of novel pesticides have been applied in agriculture. However, traditional evaluation of pesticides does not distinguish between their enantiomers, which may lead to inaccurate results. In this study, systematic research on the chiral insecticide Fluxametamide was conducted at the enantiomeric level. The methods for enantioseparation and semipreparative separation of Fluxametamide enantiomers were developed. The optical rotation and absolute configuration of two enantiomers were determined, and their stability was verified in solvents and soils. Enantioselective bioactivities against four target pests (Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, Aphis gossypii, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus) were tested. Acute toxicities of Fluxametamide enantiomers toward honeybees were also evaluated. S-(+)-Isomer exhibited 52.1-304.4 times and 2.5-3.7 times higher bioactivity than R-(-)-isomer and rac-fluxametamide, respectively. Meanwhile, rac-fluxametamide was more toxic than S/R-isomer, and S-(+)-isomer showed >30-fold higher acute toxicity than R-(-)-isomer. Molecular docking studies were performed with γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR) to monitor the mechanism of stereoselective bioactivity. The better Grid score of S-(+)-fluxametamide (-60.12 kcal/mol) than R-(-)-enantiomer (-56.59 kcal/mol) indicated higher bioactivity of S-(+)-isomer than of R-(-)-isomer. The dissipation of Fluxametamide in cabbage, Chinese cabbage, and soil was nonenantioselective under field conditions. Development of S-(+)-fluxametamide could maintain the high-efficacy and low-risk properties, which should attract attention of producers, applicators, and managers of pesticides.
The acute toxicity, mechanism, bioconcentration and elimination of Fluxametamide on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Environ Pollut 2023 Jan 15;317:120808.36464115 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120808
Fluxametamide is a completely novel and the first isoxazoline insecticide used to control agricultural pests and has high insecticidal properties. To expand its usage in the paddy field, its potential toxicological effects on fish are necessary to make clear. In this study, the acute toxicity, bioconcentration and elimination of Fluxametamide to zebrafish Danio rerio, and the action mode of it on the heteromeric Drα1β2Sγ2 and Drα1β2S GABA receptor was respectively determined by HPLC and two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Fluxametamide exhibited high toxicity to D. rerio, whereas slightly inhibited the GABA-stimulated current of Drα1β2Sγ2 or Drα1β2S. It showed high bioconcentration level in D. rerio at 0.0314 mg L-1 and 0.157 mg L-1, with bioconcentration factors at steady state of 1491.55 and 2875.28, respectively. The concentration of Fluxametamide in D. rerio rapidly decreased from 47.84 ± 0.12 to 9.77 ± 1.13 mg kg-1 in 0.0314 mg L-1 or from 393.19 ± 0.46 to 46.93 ± 2.88 mg kg-1 in 0.157 mg L-1 within 10 days, and steadily kept at a low level after 18 days. In conclusion, Fluxametamide has highly acute toxicity to D. rerio, and might induce high bioconcentration in a short time. As we know, this is the first report to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the potential risk of Fluxametamide on fish, and guidance for the application of Fluxametamide.
Evaluation of pesticide residues in vegetables and risk assessment from Incheon, Korea
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023 Jan 20.36662426 10.1007/s11356-023-25307-y
This study investigated pesticide residues to evaluate food safety caused by vegetables in Incheon. A total of 385 samples of 33 different types of vegetables mainly consumed by Koreans were collected from the Incheon market in 2021. The pesticide residues were analyzed by the multi-residue methods of the Korean Food Code for 339 different pesticides. Of the 385 vegetables, no residual pesticides were detected in 329 samples (85.5%), while 56 samples (14.5%) contained residual pesticides and 13 samples (3.4%) had residues above the maximum residue limit. A total of 34 different pesticide residues were detected and 8 pesticides exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticide residues were Fluxametamide (7 samples), azoxystrobin (4 samples), chlorantraniliprole (3 samples), flubendiamide (3 samples), and procymidone (3 samples). The highest values in the risk assessment were obtained when Chinese chives were consumed with terbufos. But the values of HQ and cHI were lower than 100%. Therefore, the results showed that the detected pesticides were no potential risk from consumption of vegetables.