DL-AP5
(Synonyms: DL-2-氨基-5-膦酰基缬草酸,DL-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric acid，2-APV) 目录号 : GC17206
DL-AP5是一种选择性NMDA（N-methyl-D-aspartate）受体拮抗剂的外消旋体。D-AP5是活性的（-）立体异构体，能竞争性地抑制NMDA受体的谷氨酸结合位点（Kd=1.4μM），而（+）异构体（L-AP5）则显示出相当低的NMDA受体拮抗剂活性。
Cas No.:76326-31-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
DL-AP5 is an racemic form of a selective NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist. D-AP5 is the active (-) stereoisomer, which can competitively inhibit the glutamate binding site of the NMDA receptor (Kd = 1.4μM), while the (+) isomer (L-AP5) shows relatively low NMDA receptor antagonist activity [1]. NMDA is a glutamate-gated ion channel widely present in the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in excitatory synaptic transmission [2]. DL-AP5 has significant analgesic activity and can block the channels in rabbit retina [3-4].
In vitro, DL-AP5 (100μM; 6h) can inhibit the level of Arc/Arg3.1 protein in cortical neurons induced by glutamate [5]. Pre-incubation with DL-AP5 (100μM; 20min) reduces the phosphorylation level of intermediate filament (IF) protein in rat brain cortex slices treated with α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) [6].
In vivo, DL-AP5 (20, 40mM; 14 days; intracerebroventricular injection) significantly reduces the vaginal opening age of immature female rats and inhibits the effect of intravenous injection of NMDA on the response to luteinizing hormone [7]. DL-AP5 (0, 2.5, 5 and 10nM; 10μl, single-dose intracerebroventricular injection) increases the food intake of broiler chickens in the 3-hour food deprivation (FD3) model in a dose-dependent manner and weakens the reduction in food consumption caused by the injection of ghrelin [8].
References:
[1] Evans, R.H., Francis, A.A., Jones, A.W., et al. The effects of a series of ω-phosphonic α-carboxylic amino acids on electrically evoked and excitant amino acid-induced responses in isolated spinal cord preparations. Br. J. Pharmacol. 75(1), 65-75 (1982).
[2] Paoletti P, Neyton J. NMDA receptor subunits: function and pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007;7(1):39-47.
[3] Jafari-Sabet M. NMDA receptor blockers prevents the facilitatory effects of post-training intra-dorsal hippocampal NMDA and physostigmine on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2006;169(1):120-127.
[4] Massey SC, Miller RF. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors of ganglion cells in rabbit retina. J Neurophysiol. 1990;63(1):16-30.
[5] Chen T, Zhu J, Yang LK, Feng Y, Lin W, Wang YH. Glutamate-induced rapid induction of Arc/Arg3.1 requires NMDA receptor-mediated phosphorylation of ERK and CREB. Neurosci Lett. 2017;661:23-28.
[6] Funchal C, Zamoner A, dos Santos AQ, Loureiro SO, Wajner M, Pessoa-Pureur R. Alpha-ketoisocaproic acid increases phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins from rat cerebral cortex by mechanisms involving Ca2+ and cAMP. Neurochem Res. 2005;30(9):1139-1146.
[7] Wu F C W, Howe D C, Naylor A M. N‐Methyl‐DL‐Aspartate Receptor Antagonism by D‐2‐Amino‐5‐Phosphonovaleric Acid Delays Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat[J]. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 1990, 2(5): 627-631.
[8] Taati M, Nayebzadeh H, Zendehdel M. The effects of DL-AP5 and glutamate on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived broiler cockerels. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(2):217-223.
DL-AP5是一种选择性NMDA（N-methyl-D-aspartate）受体拮抗剂的外消旋体。D-AP5是活性的（-）立体异构体，能竞争性地抑制NMDA受体的谷氨酸结合位点（Kd=1.4μM），而（+）异构体（L-AP5）则显示出相当低的NMDA受体拮抗剂活性 [1]。NMDA是广泛存在于中枢神经系统中的谷氨酸门控离子通道，在兴奋性突触传递中起着关键作用 [2]。DL-AP5具有明显的镇痛活性，并能阻断兔视网膜的通道 [3-4]。
在体外，DL-AP5（100μM; 6h）能够抑制谷氨酸诱导的皮质神经元中Arc/Arg3.1蛋白的水平 [5]。DL-AP5预孵育（100μM; 20min）降低了α-ketoisocaproic acid（KIC）处理的大鼠脑皮质切片中intermediate filament（IF）蛋白的磷酸化水平 [6]。
在体内，DL-AP5（20, 40mM; 14 days; 脑室内注射）显著减小了未成熟雌性大鼠的阴道开口年龄，并且抑制了静脉注射NMDA对黄体生成素反应的影响 [7]。DL-AP5（0, 2.5, 5和10nM; 10μl, 单剂量脑室内注射）以剂量依赖性的方式增加了3小时食物缺乏(FD3)模型肉鸡的食物摄入量，并减弱了注射生长素（ghrelin）引起的食物消耗减少 [8]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Cortical neurons cells |
Preparation Method | Neurons were resuspended in neurobasal medium containing 2% B27 supplement and 0.5mM l-Glutamine, and then the neurons were seeded at a density of 3 × 105 cells/cm2. Before seeding, culture vessels were coated with poly-l-lysine (PLL, 50μg/ml) at room temperature overnight. Cortical neurons were treated with 0.5mM glutamate (Glu) with or without the NMDAR antagonist DL-AP5 (100μM) or the AMPAR antagonist NBQX (100μM), and the expression of Arc/Arg3.1 was detected by western blot. |
Reaction Conditions | 100μM; 6h |
Applications | DL-AP5 significantly inhibited the increase in Arc/Arg3.1 protein levels in cortical neurons induced by glutamate to a certain extent. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | chicken |
Preparation Method | Testing the effects of centrally administered of DL-AP5 and glutamate on the feeding response induced by ghrelin in chickens. The birds received 0, 2.5, 5, and 10nM of DL-AP5 in a volume of 10μl. Control group was injected with 10μl of 0.9% NaCl solution. Three hours before the beginning of the experiments, animals were deprived of food but with water ad lib. Immediately after injections, the birds were returned to their cages. Fresh food was supplied at the time of injection, and cumulative feed intake (grams) was recorded at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180min after injection. |
Dosage form | 0, 2.5, 5, and 10nM; 10μl; single-dose; intraventricular injection |
Applications | DL-AP5 increased the food intake of broilers subjected to 3-hour food deprivation (FD3) in a dose-dependent manner. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 76326-31-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | DL-2-氨基-5-膦酰基缬草酸,DL-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovaleric acid，2-APV | ||
| 化学名 | (R)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OP(O)(CCC[C@H](C(O)=O)N)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C5H12NO5P | 分子量 | 197.13 |
| 溶解度 | 10mg/mL in PBS, pH 7.2 | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.0728 mL | 25.364 mL | 50.7279 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0146 mL | 5.0728 mL | 10.1456 mL |
| 10 mM | 507.3 μL | 2.5364 mL | 5.0728 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
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