1-Palmitoyl-d3-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC

1-Palmitoyl-d₃-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC by GC- or LC-MS. 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is the ubiquitous lipid species generated following phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.¹ It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 125 µM.² 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC potentiates the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated M1 macrophages, but has no effect on CD163, CD206, CD36, or IL-10 in LPS-stimulated M2 macrophages when used at concentrations of 0.3 and 1.0 µM.³ It increases TGF-β1 production and enhances Foxp3 protein levels in T_reg cells in isolated human peripheral blood when used at a concentration of 10 µM.⁴ 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC enhances neutrophil function, bacterial clearance, and survival in mouse models of sepsis when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.⁵

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