O-Desmethyl Gefitinib
(Synonyms: O-去甲基吉非替尼) 目录号 : GC44491
A major active metabolite of gefitinib
Cas No.:847949-49-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
O-Desmethyl gefitinib is the major metabolite of gefitinib in human plasma, formed by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP2D6. It is an active metabolite that inhibits EGFR similarly to gefitinib in subcellular assays (IC50s = 36 and 22 nM, respectively) but is less active in whole cell assays (IC50s = 760 and 49 nM, respectively). In a LoVo tumor mouse xenograft model, the tumor concentration of O-desmethyl gefitinib was 6.8-fold lower than that of gefitinib and did not significantly reduce tumor growth. A high plasma concentration of O-desmethyl gefitinib in patients homozygous for CYP2D6 was not associated with an increase in adverse effects.
| Cas No. | 847949-49-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | O-去甲基吉非替尼 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC2=C(C(NC3=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C3)=NC=N2)C=C1OCCCN4CCOCC4 | ||
| 分子式 | C21H22ClFN4O3 | 分子量 | 432.9 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.31 mL | 11.55 mL | 23.1 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.462 mL | 2.31 mL | 4.62 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.231 mL | 1.155 mL | 2.31 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Effects of polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and ABC transporters and side effects induced by gefitinib on the pharmacokinetics of the gefitinib metabolite, O-Desmethyl Gefitinib
Med Oncol 2016 Jun;33(6):57.PMID:27154635DOI:10.1007/s12032-016-0773-5.
We investigated the effects of polymorphisms in CYP2D6, ABCB1, and ABCG2 and the side effects induced by gefitinib on the pharmacokinetics of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib, the active metabolite of gefitinib. On day 14 after beginning therapy with gefitinib, plasma concentrations of gefitinib and O-Desmethyl Gefitinib were measured. Patients were grouped into three groups according to their combination of CYP2D6 alleles: homozygous extensive metabolisers (EMs; *1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2; n = 13), heterozygous EMs (*1/*5, *2/*5, *1/*10, and *2/*10; n = 18), and intermediate metabolisers (IMs; *5/*10 and *10/*10; n = 5). The median AUC0-24 of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib in CYP2D6 IMs was 1460 ng h/mL, whereas that in homozygous EMs was 12,523 ng h/mL (P = 0.021 in univariate analysis). The median AUC ratio of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib to gefitinib differed among homozygous EMs, heterozygous EMs, and IMs at a ratio of 1.41:0.86:0.24 (P = 0.030). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the AUC0-24 of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib between ABCB1 and ABCG2 genotypes. In a multivariate analysis, CYP2D6 homozygous EMs (P = 0.012) were predictive for a higher AUC0-24 of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib. The side effects of diarrhoea, skin rash, and hepatotoxicity induced by gefitinib were unrelated to the AUC0-24 of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib. CYP2D6 polymorphisms were associated with the formation of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib from gefitinib. In CYP2D6 homozygous EMs, the plasma concentrations of O-Desmethyl Gefitinib were higher over 24 h after taking gefitinib than those of the parent compound; however, side effects induced by gefitinib were unrelated to O-Desmethyl Gefitinib exposure.
Rapid determination of gefitinib and its main metabolite, O-Desmethyl Gefitinib in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011 Jul 15;879(22):2155-61.PMID:21703945DOI:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.056.
A novel, rapid and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of gefitinib and its predominant metabolite, O-Desmethyl Gefitinib in human plasma. Chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved on an Alltima C18 analytical HPLC column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) using an isocratic elution mode with a mobile phase comprised acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (30:70, v/v). The flow rate was 300 μL/min. The chromatographic run time was 3 min. The column effluents were detected by API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. Linearity was demonstrated in the range of 5-1000 ng/mL for gefitinib and 5-500 ng/mL for O-Desmethyl Gefitinib. The intra- and inter-day precisions for gefitinib and O-Desmethyl Gefitinib were ≤10.8% and the accuracies ranged from 89.7 to 104.7% for gefitinib and 100.4 to 106.0% for O-Desmethyl Gefitinib. This method was used as a bioanalytical tool in a phase I clinical trial to investigate the possible effect of hydroxychloroquine on the pharmacokinetics of gefitinib. The results of this study enabled clinicians to ascertain the safety of the combination therapy of hydroxychloroquine and gefitinib in patients with advanced (Stage IIIB-IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in elderly patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study
BMC Pulm Med 2022 Nov 30;22(1):454.PMID:36451169DOI:10.1186/s12890-022-02249-8.
Background: Gefitinib is recommended as a first-line treatment option for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because no pharmacokinetics of gefitinib have been examined, we prospectively assessed the pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene-mutated advanced NSCLC who were 75 years or older. Methods: Gefitinib was orally administered once daily at a dose of 250 mg. The concentrations of gefitinib and its major metabolite O-Desmethyl Gefitinib in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 48 h (AUC0-48) was calculated. Polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP2D6, ABCG2, ABCB1, and OATP1B1 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results: Eighteen patients with a median age of 80.5 years (range, 75-89) with adequate liver and kidney functions were examined. AUC0-48 values of gefitinib and O-Desmethyl Gefitinib in this population were 9.49 ± 3.5 and 10.6 ± 14 µM h, respectively. Compared to the gefitinib pharmacokinetics observed in a previous phase I study in Japan, systemic exposure to gefitinib in elderly patients was slightly higher than that in younger patients. Three patients experienced grade 3 diarrhea, increases in alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels 30 days after starting gefitinib treatment. The CYP2D6 genotype was associated with CYP2D6-mediated metabolism of gefitinib to O-Desmethyl Gefitinib. Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time the systemic exposure to gefitinib in elderly patients with NSCLC. Trial registration: The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry Japan (UMIN000026409) on November 8, 2013.
In vitro metabolism of gefitinib in human liver microsomes
Xenobiotica 2004 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):983-1000.PMID:15801543DOI:10.1080/02772240400015222.
The in vitro metabolism of gefitinib was investigated by incubating [14C]-gefitinib, as well as M537194, M387783 and M523595 (the main metabolites of gefitinib observed in man), at a concentration of 100 microM with human liver microsomes (4 mg ml(-1)) for 120 min. These relatively high substrate and microsomal protein concentrations were used in an effort to generate sufficient quantities of metabolites for identification. HPLC with ultraviolet light, radiochemical and mass spectral analysis, together with the availability of authentic standards, enabled quantification and structural identification of a large number of metabolites. Although 16 metabolites were identified, metabolism was restricted to three regions of the molecule. The major pathway involved morpholine ring-opening and step-wise removal of the morpholine ring and propoxy side chain. O-demethylation of the quinazoline methoxy group was a quantitatively less important pathway, in contrast to the clinical situation, where O-Desmethyl Gefitinib (M523595) is the predominant plasma metabolite. The third metabolic route, oxidative defluorination, was only a minor route of metabolism. Some metabolites were formed by a combination of these processes, but no metabolism was observed in other parts of the molecule. Incubation of gefitinib produced ten identified metabolites, but the use of the three main in vivo metabolites as additional substrates enabled a more comprehensive metabolic pathway to be constructed and this has been valuable in supporting the more limited data available from the human in vivo study.
Functional characterization of wild-type and 24 CYP2D6 allelic variants on gefitinib metabolism in vitro
Drug Des Devel Ther 2017 Apr 21;11:1283-1290.PMID:28461741DOI:10.2147/DDDT.S133814.
Background: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), a member of the CYP450 enzyme super family, is a polymorphic enzyme that metabolizes ~25% of therapeutic drugs. CYP2D6 exhibits significant genetic polymorphisms which might cause adverse effects and therapeutic failures of some drugs. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the catalytic activities of 22 novel CYP2D6 alleles (CYP2D6*87, *88, *89, *90, *91, *92, *93, *94, *95, *96, *97, *98, R25Q, F164L, E215K, F219S, V327M, D336N, V342M, R344Q, R440C, R497C) on the metabolism of gefitinib in vitro. Methods and results: CYP2D6 variants were incubated with 1-100 μM gefitinib for 60 min at 37°C and the reaction was terminated by cooling to -80°C immediately. Gefitinib and its metabolite O-Desmethyl Gefitinib were analyzed by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Compared to CYP2D6.1, most CYP2D6 variants exhibited significantly decreased relative clearance values (from 3.11% to 79.35%), whereas CYP2D6.92 and CYP2D6.96 displayed no detectable enzyme activity. Only CYP2D6.94 exhibited a markedly increased intrinsic clearance value, and eight variants (CYP2D6.88, CYP2D6.89, CYP2D6.91, CYP2D6.97, V342M, R344Q, F219S, and F164L) showed no significant difference. In addition, 23 CYP2D6 allelic isoforms exhibited substrate inhibition trend toward gefitinib. Conclusion: As the first study of all the aforementioned alleles for gefitinib metabolism, these comprehensive data may help in the clinical assessment of the metabolism of gefitinib, and may also offer a reference for personalized treatment with gefitinib in clinical settings.