Isoflurane
(Synonyms: 异氟醚) 目录号 : GC45487
A halogenated ether with anesthetic properties
Cas No.:26675-46-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Isoflurane is a halogenated ether with anesthetic properties.1 While the mechanism of isoflurane anesthesia is not fully understood, mice resistant to isoflurane anesthesia have an 86% decrease in gene expression for the GABAA receptor subunit β1 compared with isoflurane-sensitive mice, indicating that the GABAA receptor may be required for its anesthetic effect. In mice, isoflurane (1.5% for 4 hours) impairs spatial recognition memory in the spontaneous alternation test and Y-maze and increases levels of phosphorylated Jnk1/2 for at least 24 hours.2 Formulations containing isoflurane have been used as anesthetics.
References
1. Wang, X., Song, Z.G., Huang, D.X., et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in GABAA receptor isoforms is potentially responsible for isoflurane sensitivity in mice. Genet. Mol. Res. 15(2), gmr.15027340 (2016).
2. Jiang, S., Miao, B., and Chen, Y. Prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia impairs spatial recognition memory through the activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice. Neuroreport. 28(7), 386-390 (2017).
| Cas No. | 26675-46-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 异氟醚 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | FC(OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F)F | ||
| 分子式 | C3H2ClF5O | 分子量 | 184.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: miscible,DMSO: miscible,Ethanol: miscible,Ethanol:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:1): 0.5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.4201 mL | 27.1003 mL | 54.2005 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.084 mL | 5.4201 mL | 10.8401 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.542 mL | 2.71 mL | 5.4201 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Current research progress of Isoflurane in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a narrative review
Med Gas Res 2022 Jul-Sep;12(3):73-76.PMID:34854416DOI:10.4103/2045-9912.330689.
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is an important factor leading to poor prognosis in ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, it is particularly important to find effective remedial measures to promote the health of patients to return to society. Isoflurane is a safe and reliable anesthetic gas with a long history of clinical application. In recent years, its protection function to human body has been widely recognized, and nowadays Isoflurane for cerebral protection has been widely studied, and the stable effect of Isoflurane has satisfied many researchers. Basic studies have shown that Isoflurane's protection of brain tissue after ischemia/reperfusion involves a variety of signaling pathways and effector molecules. Even though many signaling pathways have been described, more and more studies focus on exploring their mechanisms of action, in order to provide strong evidence for clinical application. This could prompt the introduction of Isoflurane therapy to clinical patients as soon as possible. In this paper, several confirmed signaling pathways will be reviewed to find possible strategies for clinical treatment.
Isoflurane: an anesthetic for the eighties?
Anesth Analg 1981 Sep;60(9):666-82.PMID:7023281doi
The introduction of Isoflurane to clinical practice follows the search for a nonflammable, potent inhalation anesthetic which, above all, is chemically stable so as to resist biodegradation or attack by other chemicals. These attributes characterize Isoflurane (Table 2). The hoped for freedom from hepatic and renal toxicity and from carcinogenic and mutagenic properties is a reality with this drug. Other favorable characteristics include relatively low solubility in blood in relation to anesthetic dose, lack of arrhythmogenic effect, provision of good muscle relaxation, and the absence of central nervous system excitation. Its moderate pungency detracts slightly from the ease of inhaled induction. Disadvantages include respiratory depression, reduced arterial blood pressure, uterine relaxation, decreased uteroplacental blood flow, and likely ability to trigger malignant hyperpyrexia. The frequency and/or significance of tachycardia and dilation of muscle blood vessels in clinical practice remain to be established. We believe Isoflurane is a significant improvement over earlier potent inhalation anesthetics.
Isoflurane increases cell membrane fluidity significantly at clinical concentrations
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020 Feb 1;1862(2):183140.PMID:31790694DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183140.
There is an on-going debate whether anesthetic drugs, such as Isoflurane, can cause meaningful structural changes in cell membranes at clinical concentrations. In this study, the effects of Isoflurane on lipid membrane fluidity were investigated using fluorescence anisotropy and spectroscopy. In order to get a complete picture, four very different membrane systems (erythrocyte ghosts, a 5-lipid mixture that mimics brain endothelial cell membrane, POPC/Chol, and pure DPPC) were selected for the study. In all four systems, we found that fluorescence anisotropies of DPH-PC, nile-red, and TMA-DPH decrease significantly at the Isoflurane concentrations of 1 mM and 5 mM. Furthermore, the excimer/monomer (E/M) ratio of dipyrene-PC jumps immediately after the addition of Isoflurane. We found that Isoflurane is quite effective to loosen up highly ordered lipid domains with saturated lipids. Interestingly, 1 mM Isoflurane causes a larger decrease of nile-red fluorescence anisotropy in erythrocyte ghosts than 52.2 mM of ethanol, which is three times the legal limit of blood alcohol level. Our results paint a consistent picture that Isoflurane at clinical concentrations causes significant and immediate increase of membrane fluidity in a wide range of membrane systems.
Advantages and guidelines for using Isoflurane
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992 Mar;22(2):328-31.PMID:1585568DOI:10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50626-x.
Isoflurane offers many advantages over other inhalational anesthetics. Its faster induction and recovery, relative sparing effect on cardiovascular function and cerebral blood flow autoregulation, and negligible metabolism make this drug particularly useful in the anesthetic management of the debilitated, aged, or unusual veterinary patient.
Cardiovascular and respiratory actions of desflurane: is desflurane different from Isoflurane?
Anesth Analg 1992 Oct;75(4 Suppl):S17-29; discussion S29-31.PMID:1524236doi
The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of desflurane are reviewed. In experimental animals, desflurane has been shown to produce hemodynamic effects comparable to those produced by Isoflurane. Desflurane increases heart rate and decreases both mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance while maintaining cardiac output. In some but not all studies, desflurane has appeared to maintain arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance to a somewhat greater degree than equianesthetic concentrations of Isoflurane. Otherwise, desflurane and Isoflurane produce strikingly similar effects on systemic, coronary, renal, hepatic, and cerebral circulation. In addition, desflurane and Isoflurane have nearly identical actions on a variety of indices of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Although desflurane may cause coronary vasodilation in dogs, no evidence of "coronary steal" has been observed in a canine model of multivessel coronary artery disease. In humans, desflurane produces alterations in systemic hemodynamics that have many similarities to those produced in animals. No differences between the cardiovascular actions of desflurane and Isoflurane have been identified in volunteers during spontaneous or controlled ventilation with and without nitrous oxide. Desflurane and Isoflurane also produce similar hemodynamic effects during induction and maintenance of anesthesia in a wide variety of clinical settings. To date, no direct evidence of desflurane-related myocardial ischemia or increased cardiovascular morbidity has been observed in patients with coronary artery disease. Desflurane depresses ventilation in animals and humans. Dose-related decreases in tidal volume and increases in respiratory rate, arterial carbon dioxide tension, dead space/tidal ventilation ratio, and intrapulmonary shunt fraction have all been observed in volunteers. These effects are similar to those produced by other currently used volatile anesthetics, including Isoflurane. Desflurane, like Isoflurane, also appears to be a mild respiratory irritant. Thus, the cardiorespiratory effects of the new volatile anesthetic, desflurane, are remarkably similar to those produced by Isoflurane.