Phenelzine-d5 (sulfate)
(Synonyms: 硫酸苯乙肼 d5 (硫酸盐)) 目录号 : GC46200
An internal standard for the quantification of phenelzine
Cas No.:1219798-40-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Phenelzine-d5 (sulfate) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of phenelzine by GC- or LC-MS. Phenelzine is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO; IC50 = 0.9 μM using rat brain mitochondrial preparations).1 It potentiates the effects of tryptamine on isolated rat fundus (EC50 = 90 nM) and increases tryptamine toxicity in mice with LD50 values of 85 and 500 mg/kg in the presence and absence of phenelzine, respectively. Phenelzine (20 mg/kg) increases GABA, dopamine, serotonin , and norepinephrine levels in the hippocampus and cortex of socially isolated rats and rats treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-MK-801 .2 It also increases 5-HT levels in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, improves gross motor ability in a rotarod test, and increases locomotor activity in an open field test in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg.3
| Cas No. | 1219798-40-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 硫酸苯乙肼 d5 (硫酸盐) | ||
| Canonical SMILES | NNCCC1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H].O=S(O)(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C8H7D5N2 • H2SO4 | 分子量 | 239.3 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: soluble,Methanol: soluble,Water: soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.1789 mL | 20.8943 mL | 41.7885 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8358 mL | 4.1789 mL | 8.3577 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4179 mL | 2.0894 mL | 4.1789 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Sulfated glycans in inflammation
Eur J Med Chem 2015 Mar 6;92:353-69.PMID:25576741DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.002.
Sulfated glycans such as glycosaminoglycans on proteoglycans are key players in both molecular and cellular events of inflammation. They participate in leukocyte rolling along the endothelial surface of inflamed sites; chemokine regulation and its consequential functions in leukocyte guidance, migration and activation; leukocyte transendothelial migration; and structural assembly of the subendothelial basement membrane responsible to control tissue entry of cells. Due to these and other functions, exogenous sulfated glycans of various structures and origins can be used to interventionally down-regulate inflammation processes. In this review article, discussion is given primarily on the anti-inflammatory functions of mammalian heparins, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and related compounds as well as the holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and the brown algal fucoidans. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of these sulfated glycans in inflammation, helps research programs involved in developing new carbohydrate-based drugs aimed to combat acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
Sulfated plant peptide hormones
J Exp Bot 2019 Aug 19;70(16):4267-4277.PMID:31231771DOI:10.1093/jxb/erz292.
Sulfated peptides are plant hormones that are active at nanomolar concentrations. The sulfation at one or more tyrosine residues is catalysed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), which is encoded by a single-copy gene. The sulfate group is provided by the co-substrate 3´-phosphoadenosine 5´-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which links synthesis of sulfated signaling peptides to sulfur metabolism. The precursor proteins share a conserved DY-motif that is implicated in specifying tyrosine sulfation. Several sulfated peptides undergo additional modification such as hydroxylation of proline and glycosylation of hydroxyproline. The modifications render the secreted signaling molecules active and stable. Several sulfated signaling peptides have been shown to be perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) but have signaling pathways that, for the most part, are yet to be elucidated. Sulfated peptide hormones regulate growth and a wide variety of developmental processes, and intricately modulate immunity to pathogens. While basic research on sulfated peptides has made steady progress, their potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications has yet to be explored.
Sulfation pathways from red to green
J Biol Chem 2019 Aug 16;294(33):12293-12312.PMID:31270211DOI:10.1074/jbc.REV119.007422.
Sulfur is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine and in a large range of essential coenzymes and cofactors and is therefore essential for all organisms. It is also a constituent of sulfate esters in proteins, carbohydrates, and numerous cellular metabolites. The sulfation and desulfation reactions modifying a variety of different substrates are commonly known as sulfation pathways. Although relatively little is known about the function of most sulfated metabolites, the synthesis of activated sulfate used in sulfation pathways is essential in both animal and plant kingdoms. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding the sulfation pathway enzymes underlie a number of developmental aberrations, and in flies and worms, their loss-of-function is fatal. In plants, a lower capacity for synthesizing activated sulfate for sulfation reactions results in dwarfism, and a complete loss of activated sulfate synthesis is also lethal. Here, we review the similarities and differences in sulfation pathways and associated processes in animals and plants, and we point out how they diverge from bacteria and yeast. We highlight the open questions concerning localization, regulation, and importance of sulfation pathways in both kingdoms and the ways in which findings from these "red" and "green" experimental systems may help reciprocally address questions specific to each of the systems.
[Production and application of 3-phosphoadenosine-5- phosphosulfate]
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2019 Jul 25;35(7):1222-1233.PMID:31328479DOI:10.13345/j.cjb.180527.
Sulfated compounds are widely present in cytoplasm, on cell surface, and in extracellular matrix. These compounds play important roles in cell development, differentiation, immune response, detoxication, and cell signal transduction. 3-Phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the universal sulfate group donor for the biosynthesis of sulfated compounds. Up to now, the synthesis of PAPS is still too expensive for industrial applications. This review focuses on the recent progress of PAPS production and summaries the application of PAPS, particularly in the production of glucosinolate, heparin, condroitin sulfate, and oxamniquine production.
Multi-faceted substrate specificity of heparanase
Matrix Biol 2013 Jun 24;32(5):223-7.PMID:23499529DOI:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.02.006.
Heparan sulfate is a highly sulfated polysaccharide abundantly present in the extracellular matrix. Heparan sulfate consists of a disaccharide repeating unit of glucosamine and glucuronic and iduronic acid residues. The functions of heparan sulfate are largely dictated by its size as well as the sulfation patterns. Heparanase is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate polysaccharide into smaller fragments, regulating the functions of heparan sulfate. Understanding the substrate specificity plays a critical role in dissecting the biological functions of heparanase and heparan sulfate. The prevailing view is that heparanase recognizes specific sulfation patterns in heparan sulfate. However, emerging evidence suggests that heparanase is capable of varying its substrate specificities depending on the saccharide structures around the cleavage site. The plastic substrate specificity suggests a complex role of heparanase in regulating the structures of heparan sulfate in matrix biology.