DL-Glutamine
(Synonyms: DL-谷氨酰胺; (±)-Glutamine; DL-Gl) 目录号 : GC35876
DL-Glutamine (Glutamin, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes.
Cas No.:6899-04-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
DL-Glutamine (Glutamin, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes.
L-Glutamine is important as a precursor for peptide and protein synthesis, amino sugar synthesis, purine and pyrimidine and thus nucleic acid and nucleotide synthesis, as well as providing a source of carbons for oxidation in some cell. Glutamine has been reported to enhance many functional parameters of immune cells such as T-cell proliferation, B-lymphocyte differentiation, macrophage phagocytosis, antigen presentation and cytokine production plus neutrophil superoxide production and apoptosis. Glutamine itself may act as a key precursor for nucleic acids and nucleotides in glutamine-consuming cells, but in many physiological circumstances acts to provide glutamate, which appears to promote a wider array of metabolic functions compared to glutamine[1].
L-Glutamate is the most abundant intracellular amino acid whereas L-glutamine is the most abundant extracellular amino acid in vivo. Glutamine metabolism is zoned in the liver so that glutamine is taken up by the periportal cells of the liver in which there is a relatively high glutaminase activity and the ammonia produced directed towards carbamoyl phosphate synthesis[1].
[1] Newsholme P, et al. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003, 21(1):1-9.
| Cas No. | 6899-04-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | DL-谷氨酰胺; (±)-Glutamine; DL-Gl | ||
| Canonical SMILES | NC(CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C5H10N2O3 | 分子量 | 146.14 |
| 溶解度 | Water: 33.33 mg/mL (228.07 mM); DMSO: < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-asthmatic Effects of TMDCT Decoction in Eosinophilic Asthma Through Treg/Th17 Balance
Front Pharmacol 2022 Feb 8;13:819728.PMID:35211018DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.819728.
Tuo-Min-Ding-Chuan decoction (TMDCT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula consisting of twelve herbs that can relieve the symptoms and treat allergic asthma. Yet, the underlying mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TMDCT in regulating Treg/Th17 cells immune balance and explored potential metabolic and gut biomarkers associated with Treg and Th17 cells in eosinophilic asthma mice treated by TMDCT. We found that TMDCT increases Treg cells percentage and decreases Th17 cells percentage in the ovalbumin (OVA) -induced eosinophilic asthma mice model. Furthermore, Imidazoleacetic acid, DL-Glutamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, 2-deoxy-d-glucose were preliminary identified as biomarkers in plasma metabolites treated by TMDCT, meanwhile genus Desulfovibrio, genus Butyricimonas and genus Prevotella 9 were preliminary identified as gut microbiota biomarkers after TMDCT treatment. These results provide an experimental foundation for the treatment of allergic asthma with Chinese herbal compounds.
Guominkang formula alleviate inflammation in eosinophilic asthma by regulating immune balance of Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cells
Front Pharmacol 2022 Oct 14;13:978421.PMID:36330091DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.978421.
The number of patients with allergic asthma is rising yearly, and hormonal drugs, such as dexamethasone, have unique advantages and certain limitations. In the treatment of allergic diseases especially allergic asthma, increasing the percentage or the function of immunosuppressive cells, such as Treg cells, may achieve a good effect. On the basis of good clinical results, we found that Guominkang (GMK) especially high-concentration GMK can achieve a similar effect with dexamethasone in controlling the symptoms of allergic asthma and inhibiting inflammation of allergic asthma. In our study, GMK can inhibit the recruitment of inflammatory cells, decrease mucus production, and reduce airway resistance. Besides, GMK can reconstruct the cellular immune balance of Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cells. Metabolome results show that DL-Glutamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, prostaglandin b1, prostaglandin e2, and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid are the metabolic biomarkers and are associated with Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance. GMK can also change the gut microbiota in the allergic asthma mouse model. The genus_Muriculum, genus_(Clostridium) GCA900066575, genus_klebsiella, genus_Desulfovibrio, genus_Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, family_Chitinophagaceae, family_Nocardioidaceae, and genus_Corynebacterium are gut microbiota biomarkers treated by GMK. Among these biomarkers, genus_Muriculum is the gut microbiota biomarker associated with Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance. Interestingly, we first found that DL-Glutamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, prostaglandin b1, prostaglandin e2, and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid are all associated with genus_Muriculum. GMK will be a new strategy for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma, and biomarkers will also be a new research direction.
Nutritional physiology of pathogenic species of thermophilic mucor
Sabouraudia 1981 Sep;19(3):179-85.PMID:7292206doi
Some aspects of the nutritional physiology of zoopathogenic Mucor pusillus Lindt and Mucor miehei Cooney & Emerson were studied at 37 degrees C. Only asexual spores (sporangiospores) were produced on all the media used. A pH range of 5.0-6.0 was found to be best for the growth and sporulation of both species. The fungi were able to utilize various sources of carbon and nitrogen tested except L-sorbose and DL-tryptophan on which no growth was recorded. Of the carbon sources, the best results were obtained with dextrin and starch while of the nitrogen sources, casein hydrolysate was most readily utilized. Both species gave measurable growth with sporulation on soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. A glucose and DL-Glutamine concentration range 15.0-20.0 gl-1 and 5.0-7.5 gl-1 respectively was optimal for growth and sporulation of these fungi. A C/N ratio of 15.0: 5.0 gl-1 was optimal for sporulation and 20.07: 7.5 gl-1 for mycelial growth of both species.
Isolation of liver cells with Ca2+ and K+ chelating agents. Biochemistry and cell morphology
Acta Physiol Lat Am 1981;31(4):217-28.PMID:7187590doi
Cell morphology, glutamic pyruvic (GTP) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminases (GOT) concentrations, and the ability to produce glucose or urea from different substrates (pyruvate, alanine, fructose, lactate and glutamine) were studied in isolated mouse and rat liver cells in the presence of Ca2+ and K+ chelating agents (0.1 M sodium perchlorate and 0.027 M sodium citrate with 1 mg/ml bovine albumin; ionic strength: 0.198, pH: 7.4). The chelating agent is perfused through the portal vein of an in situ liver, at low pressure (8 ml/min) at 20 C for 15 min. Cell dispersion is obtained by cutting liver lobes and "massaging" the tissue with a plastic spatula. Wash and cell concentration may be obtained by sedimentation or centrifugation in Krebs III, glucose 150 mg %, improved with 0.16 M pyruvate, 0.1 M fumarate and 0.16 M glutamate. This procedure furnished 53.06 +/- 3.33 X 10(6) cells, which was highly significant (p less than 0.001) with respect to saline controls: 6.11 +/- 1.91 X 10(6). After staining with Papanicolaou, hematoxylin-eosin, and PAS, the cellular material obtained was classified optically into: normal isolated parenchymal liver cells, hepatocyte clumps, "burst" cells, normal blood or reticuloendothelial cells, cellular debris and non-cellular material. Cell morphology showed that a constant perfusion (8 ml/min) with a minimal mechanical treatment, 82.5% of the liver cells appears normal. Biochemical study showed that transaminases are indeed lost, but this loss is below the amount capable of effecting metabolic blockade (3/4 of transaminases remain in liver cells; GOT in cells: 692 +/- 218; GPT in cells. 264 +/- 94; GOT in supernatant: 152 +/- 29; GPT in supernatant: 79 +/- 12 mUI/10(6) cells, after recovering 60 min at 37 C) (means +/- SEM). Conversion of substrates (sodium pyruvate 10 mM, 20 mM D-L alanine, 10 mM fructose and 20 mM D-L sodium lactate) into glucose was statistically significant with respect to the baseline when the liver cells were isolated and recovered (rat liver cells, basal: 25.37 +/- 3.73; pyruvate: 54.04 +/- 7.98; DL-alanine: 62 +/- 10.07; fructose: 264.67 +/- 20.51; DL-lactate: 78.05 +/- 17.99 mmoles/10(6) cels, means +/- SEM). Urea production from 5 mM DL-Glutamine was statistically highly significant to the basal with rat liver cell isolated and recovered (basal: 160.60 +/- 3.76; DL-Glutamine: 608.47 +/- 16.15 mmoles/10(6) cells; means +/- SEM). The results obtained suggest that liver cells isolated with Ca2+ and K+ chelating agents used as described above are of value for biochemical studies.