Carvacrol
(Synonyms: 香芹酚) 目录号 : GC35612
A monoterpene with diverse biological activities
Cas No.:499-75-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Carvacrol is a monoterpene that has been found in O. vulgare, and has diverse biological activities.1 It induces currents in HEK293 cells expressing mouse transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) or rat TRP ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) when used at concentrations of 500 and 250 ?M, respectively.2 It also inhibits constitutive activation of TRP melastatin 7 (TRPM7) expressed in HEK293 cells (IC50 = 306 ?M).3 Carvacrol is active against various strains of P. aeruginosa (MICs = 0.3-0.13 ?g/ml).4 It decreases rat brain, liver, and kidney levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as increases superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase activities in the same tissues when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg.5 Carvacrol (15 mg/kg) decreases the number of liver tumor nodules in a rat model of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.6 Formulations containing carvacrol have been used as flavoring agents.
1.Sharifi-Rad, M., Varoni, E.M., Iriti, M., et al.Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive reviewPhytother. Res.32(9)1675-1687(2018) 2.Xu, H., Delling, M., Jun, J.C., et al.Oregano, thyme and clove-derived flavors and skin sensitizers activate specific TRP channelsNat. Neurosci.9(5)628-635(2006) 3.Parnas, M., Peters, M., Dadon, D., et al.Carvacrol is a novel inhibitor of Drosophila TRPL and mammalian TRPM7 channelsCell Calcium45(3)300-309(2009) 4.Cox, S.D., and Markham, J.L.Susceptibility and intrinsic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to selected plant volatile compoundsJ. Appl. Microbiol.103(4)930-936(2007) 5.Samarghandian, S., Farkhonden, T., Samini, F., et al.Protective effects of carvacrol against oxidative stress induced by chronic stress in rat's brain, liver, and kidneyBiochem. Res. Int.2645237(2016) 6.Jayakumar, S., Madankumar, A., Asokkumar, S., et al.Potential preventive effect of carvacrol against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in ratsMol. Cell Biochem.360(1-2)51-60(2012)
| Cas No. | 499-75-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 香芹酚 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C1C | ||
| 分子式 | C10H14O | 分子量 | 150.22 |
| 溶解度 | Insoluble in Water; ≥28.1 mg/mL in EtOH; ≥28.8 mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.6569 mL | 33.2845 mL | 66.569 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3314 mL | 6.6569 mL | 13.3138 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6657 mL | 3.3285 mL | 6.6569 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The bioactivity and toxicological actions of Carvacrol
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015;55(3):304-18.PMID:24915411DOI:10.1080/10408398.2011.653458.
Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol produced by an abundant number of aromatic plants, including thyme and oregano. Presently, Carvacrol is used in low concentrations as a food flavoring ingredient and preservative, as well as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic formulations. In recent years, considerable research has been undertaken in an effort to establish the biological actions of Carvacrol for its potential use in clinical applications. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies show that Carvacrol possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic, and vasorelaxant. The focus of this review is to evaluate the existing knowledge regarding the biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of Carvacrol.
Protective effect of Carvacrol on liver injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice
Mol Med Rep 2021 Nov;24(5):741.PMID:34435648DOI:10.3892/mmr.2021.12381.
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Carvacrol on liver injury in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess its potential molecular mechanism. Mice were divided into three groups (n=15/group): Non‑diabetic db/m+ mice group, db/db mice group and db/db mice + Carvacrol group. In the db/db mice + Carvacrol group, db/db mice were administered 10 mg/kg Carvacrol daily by gavage for 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were separately examined. Pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, periodic acid Schiff and reticular fiber staining. In addition, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF‑κB, NALP3, AKT1, phosphorylated (p)‑AKT1, insulin receptor (INSR), p‑INSR, mTOR, p‑mTOR, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and p‑IRS1 in the liver tissues. The results revealed that Carvacrol improved blood glucose and insulin resistance of T2DM db/db mice. After treatment with Carvacrol for 6 weeks, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL‑C were markedly reduced, whereas HDL‑C levels were significantly increased in db/db mice. Furthermore, Carvacrol administration significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels in db/db mice. Serum BUN, Cre and UA levels were markedly higher in db/db mice compared with those in the control group; however, Carvacrol treatment markedly reduced their serum levels in db/db mice. Furthermore, histological examinations confirmed that Carvacrol could protect the liver of db/db mice. Carvacrol could ameliorate liver injury induced by T2DM via mediating insulin, TLR4/NF‑κB and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathways. The present findings suggested that Carvacrol exerted protective effects on the liver in T2DM db/db mice, which could be related to insulin, TLR4/NF‑κB and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathways.
The neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced hippocampal neuronal impairment by ferroptosis mitigation
Life Sci 2019 Oct 15;235:116795.PMID:31470002DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116795.
Objective: Cerebral ischemia is the most common type of neuronal injury and is characterized by a reduction in the function and number of hippocampal neurons. Carvacrol has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms by which Carvacrol affects cerebral ischemia, especially with respect to the regulation of neuronal damage by iron levels, have never been systematically studied. This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms by which Carvacrol protects against hippocampal neuron impairment after ischemic stroke in gerbils. Materials and methods: The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate learning and memory impairments. Iron ion content and oxidative stress index were detected by the kit. MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability. The morphology and molecular characteristics were detected by electron micrographs and western blot. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol in vivo and in vitro. The Morris water maze test showed that the learning and memory abilities of the gerbils treated with Carvacrol were significantly improved. Lipid peroxide injury was evaluated by measuring the levels of lipid peroxide biomarkers; the results indicated that Carvacrol decreased the level of lipid peroxide in ischemic gerbil brain tissue. Histopathological examinations and western blotting were performed to evaluate injury in neurons, and Carvacrol reduced cell death. Moreover, ferroptosis in the hippocampus was evaluated by measuring the levels of proteins involved in this iron-dependent form of regulated cell death. These results indicated that Carvacrol reduced cell death and that Carvacrol inhibited ferroptosis by increasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPx4). This study showed that Carvacrol may be a valuable drug for treating cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: Carvacrol provides protection for hippocampal neurons against I/R in gerbils by inhibiting ferroptosis through increasing the expression of GPx4.
Biological Efficacy of Carvacrol Analogues
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2018;13(3):207-216.PMID:30516115DOI:10.2174/1574891X14666181205111821.
Background: Carvacrol is the major constituent of essential oils derived from plants. It exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase activity. The analogues of Carvacrol can be prepared via selected synthetic routes, resulting in potent compounds. Objective: Modifying Carvacrol by the introduction of selected functionalities has the potential to enhance the biological activity of Carvacrol. The functionalities on Carvacrol such as the hydroxyl group, benzene ring and alkyl groups can be modified or used for hybridization with important pharmaceutical scaffolds. Results: In one of the patents cited, EP1053744B1, the modification of the hydroxyl group and the introduction of allyl groups into the benzene ring resulted in Carvacrol analogues with antibacterial activity. Modifying the hydroxyl group influenced the hydrophobicity of the analogues and the size of the ring substituent. The hydrophobicity and the size of the ring substituent influence the analogues interactions with bacterial cells. The analogues of Carvacrol with anticancer activity were influenced by the position of the substituted groups on the benzene ring. Substituent introduced at the ortho and para- positions resulted in better antitumor activity when compared to the ones with substituents on the meta-position. Conclusion: Based on several reports on cavarcrol analogues, more research on the development of Carvacrol analogues will result in potent compounds that can overcome drug resistance which is currently a challenge in the treatment of diseases, such as bacterial infections, cancer, fungal infections etc. However, more biological evaluation is required in order to fully understand the mode of action of these analogues on selected pathogens.
Pharmacological Effects of Carvacrol in In vitro Studies: A Review
Curr Pharm Des 2018 Dec 8;24(29):3454-3465.PMID:30280662DOI:10.2174/1381612824666181003123400.
Carvacrol has a high therapeutic potential, with in vitro studies showing promising results in different cellular models using a variety of methodological designs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the pharmacological effects of Carvacrol in in vitro studies. A comprehensive search of the literature was made using four databases: Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Web of Science using different combinations of the following keywords: Carvacrol, drug therapy, therapeutic uses, in vitro study. The search of the databases was for studies conducted in the period up to and including September 2016. A total of 3,269 studies were initially identified, with only 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The included studies contained a variety of in vitro models able to determine the properties of Carvacrol. The following properties of Carvacrol were identified: antimicrobial (7 studies), bactericidal (4), bactericidal and antifungal (1), antiinflammatory (4), anticancer (4), mutagenic (4), antioxidant (3), antifungal (3), antidepressant (1), as a modulator of nerve impulses (1) and an immunological modulator (1). The In vitro studies with Carvacrol included in this review showed a diversity of models and confirmed the therapeutic potential of this product in relation to several diseases.