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TLK117 (TER117) Sale

(Synonyms: TER117) 目录号 : GC30647

TLK117 (TER117) 是 TLK199 的活性代谢物,选择性抑制谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 P1-1 (GSTP1-1),Ki 为 0.4 ⋼M 用于 GSTP。

TLK117 (TER117) Chemical Structure

Cas No.:152684-53-2

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Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.

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实验参考方法

Kinase experiment:

The potency of TER 117 in the inhibition of GST P1-1/Ile-105 and GST P1-1/Val-105 is determined by means of GSH competition experiments using 1 μM TER 117 and three different fixed concentrations of GSH: 0.2, 0.6, and 2.0 mM. The concentration of the second substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) ranged between 0.15 and 1.8 mM. In addition, the inhibitor is tested at different concentrations, 0 to 8 μM, at a CDNB concentration of 1 mM and the above GSH concentrations. Initial velocities are determined spectrophotometrically at 30°C. The conjugation reaction between GSH and CDNB is monitored at 340 nm in 1 mL of 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0[2].

Animal experiment:

Mice[1]TLK117 is administered oropharyngeally at a dose of 50 mg/kg in a 0.375 M Tris-HCl solution, pH =7.4, with 0.02% DMSO. This Tris-HCl/DMSO solution is used as a vehicle control. Treatments are performed once every 3 days from day 14 to day 26 in both >bleomycin and AdTGFβ models

References:

[1]. The human glutathione transferase P1-1 specific inhibitor TER 117 designed for overcomingcytostatic-drug resistance is also a strong inhibitor of glyoxalase I. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;57(3):619-24.
[2]. McMillan DH, et al. Attenuation of lung fibrosis in mice with a clinically relevant inhibitor of glutathione-S-transferase π. JCI Insight. 2016 Jun 2;1(8). pii: e85717.

产品描述

TLK117, the active metabolite of TLK199, selective inhibits Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) with a Ki of 0.4 μM for GSTP. TLK117 also competitively inhibits glyoxalase I with a Ki of 0.56 μM.

TLK117 is the most specific GSTP inhibitor to date, with a binding affinity greater than GSH itself and a selectivity for GSTP over 50-fold greater than the GSTM and GSTA classes (Ki=0.4 μM)[1]. TER 117 is developed as a GST P1-1 isoenzyme inhibitor to circumvent the indicated contribution of GST P1-1 to drug resistance of tumor cells. To facilitate the cellular uptake of TER 117, it is delivered as a diethyl ester (TER 117 DEE, also called TER 199). TER 117 is found to be a competitive inhibitor of both GST P1-1 and glyoxalase I[2].

Oropharyngeal administration of the GSTP inhibitor, TLK117, at a time when fibrosis is already apparent, attenuated bleomycin- and AdTGFβ-induced remodeling, α-SMA, caspase activation, FAS S-glutathionylation, and total protein S-glutathionylation. Four hours after administration of 50 mg/kg TLK117, GSTP activity is strongly decreased and remains decreased by about 60% for at least 24 hours[2].

[1]. The human glutathione transferase P1-1 specific inhibitor TER 117 designed for overcomingcytostatic-drug resistance is also a strong inhibitor of glyoxalase I. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;57(3):619-24. [2]. McMillan DH, et al. Attenuation of lung fibrosis in mice with a clinically relevant inhibitor of glutathione-S-transferase π. JCI Insight. 2016 Jun 2;1(8). pii: e85717.

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 152684-53-2 SDF
别名 TER117
Canonical SMILES O=C(O)[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC([C@@H](NC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O)CSCC2=CC=CC=C2)=O
分子式 C23H27N3O6S 分子量 473.54
溶解度 DMSO : 150 mg/mL (316.76 mM) 储存条件 Store at -20°C
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1 mM 2.1118 mL 10.5588 mL 21.1175 mL
5 mM 0.4224 mL 2.1118 mL 4.2235 mL
10 mM 0.2112 mL 1.0559 mL 2.1118 mL
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Research Update

Glutathione S-transferase pi modulates NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells

Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family critical in the activation of pro- inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is regulated by oxidant-induced post-translational modifications. Protein S-glutathionylation, or the conjugation of the antioxidant molecule, glutathione to reactive cysteines inhibits the activity of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ), among other NF-κB proteins. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP) is an enzyme that has been shown to catalyze protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) under conditions of oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine whether GSTP regulates NF-κB signaling, S-glutathionylation of IKK, and subsequent pro-inflammatory signaling. We demonstrated that, in unstimulated cells, GSTP associated with the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBα. However, exposure to LPS resulted in a rapid loss of association between IκBα and GSTP, and instead led to a protracted association between IKKβ and GSTP. LPS exposure also led to increases in the S-glutathionylation of IKKβ. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTP decreased IKKβ-SSG, and enhanced NF-κB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TLK117, an isotype-selective inhibitor of GSTP, also enhanced LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that the catalytic activity of GSTP is important in repressing NF-κB activation. Expression of both wild-type and catalytically-inactive Y7F mutant GSTP significantly attenuated LPS- or IKKβ-induced production of GM-CSF. These studies indicate a complex role for GSTP in modulating NF-κB, which may involve S-glutathionylation of IKK proteins, and interaction with NF-κB family members. Our findings suggest that targeting GSTP is a potential avenue for regulating the activity of this prominent pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory transcription factor.

Attenuation of lung fibrosis in mice with a clinically relevant inhibitor of glutathione- S-transferase π

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating lung disease characterized by excessive collagen production and fibrogenesis. Apoptosis in lung epithelial cells is critical in IPF pathogenesis, as heightened loss of these cells promotes fibroblast activation and remodeling. Changes in glutathione redox status have been reported in IPF patients. S-glutathionylation, the conjugation of glutathione to reactive cysteines, is catalyzed in part by glutathione-S-transferase π (GSTP). To date, no published information exists linking GSTP and IPF to our knowledge. We hypothesized that GSTP mediates lung fibrogenesis in part through FAS S-glutathionylation, a critical event in epithelial cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that GSTP immunoreactivity is increased in the lungs of IPF patients, notably within type II epithelial cells. The FAS-GSTP interaction was also increased in IPF lungs. Bleomycin- and AdTGFβ-induced increases in collagen content, α-SMA, FAS S-glutathionylation, and total protein S-glutathionylation were strongly attenuated in Gstp-/- mice. Oropharyngeal administration of the GSTP inhibitor, TLK117, at a time when fibrosis was already apparent, attenuated bleomycin- and AdTGFβ-induced remodeling, α-SMA, caspase activation, FAS S-glutathionylation, and total protein S-glutathionylation. GSTP is an important driver of protein S-glutathionylation and lung fibrosis, and GSTP inhibition via the airways may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IPF.

Evaluation of Glutathione S-Transferase Inhibition Effects on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe in Cell and Mice Models

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung-limited and progressive fibrotic disease. The early diagnosis and therapies of IPF are still full of clinical challenges. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) plays significant roles in promoting the formation of pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we report a fluorescent probe (Cy-GST) for the detection of GSTs concentration fluctuations in cells and in mice models. The probe can selectively and sensitively respond to GSTs with an "off-on" type fluorescence switch. Our results demonstrated that the level of intracellular GSTs increase in the pulmonary fibrosis cells and mice models. And the IPF patients hold high levels of GSTs concentrations. Thus, GSTs are likely to play important roles in pulmonary fibrosis. The inhibitor of GSTs TLK117 can reduce the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. The synergistic treatment of TLK117 and pirfenidone have better therapeutic effects than only using pirfenidone in pulmonary fibrosis mice models. The level of GSTs in IPF may be a new potential marker for IPF diagnosis. And the inhibition of GSTs may be a new therapeutic strategy for IPF treatment.

Novel therapies for myelodysplastic syndromes

Preliminary therapeutic successes have prompted a new wave of clinical trials enrolling patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), using compounds with a broad range of potential mechanisms of action. This article discusses several of the agents currently in development for MDS, reviewing clinical trial data related to five classes of novel therapeutics: clofarabine, a halogenated purine nucleoside analog; ezatiostat (TLK199), a glutathione analog that indirectly activates c-Jun kinase; tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; laromustine (cloretazine), an alkylating agent with a metabolite that inhibits one mechanism of DNA damage repair; and eight drugs that inhibit histone deacetylase. Although MDS are still difficult clinical problems, and most patients with MDS still succumb to disease-related complications within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis, ongoing development of novel agents promises that there will be new treatment options for patients within the next 5 to 10 years.

Ezatiostat hydrochloride for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes

Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are associated with significant morbidity due to ineffective hematopoiesis. Given the limited number of drugs approved by the FDA, there is a need for new therapeutic options. Ezatiostat is a novel agent targeting oxidative stress via inhibition of glutathione S-transferase 1.
Areas covered: Herein, the authors summarize the standard of care in order to build the framework for therapeutic advancements. The purpose of this paper is to review the body of preclinical and clinical research literature on the investigational agent ezatiostat hydrochloride (TLK199) for the treatment of MDSs. The article includes details of the pathophysiology, pharmacology, toxicity and efficacy of ezatiostat hydrochloride from controlled studies in patients with myelodysplasia.
Expert opinion: MDS clonal heterogeneity and clonal architecture complexity has presented a significant technical challenge in developing effective therapies. Ezatiostat offers a unique and specific mechanism to improve the transfusion burden associated with myelodysplasia. Since it is tolerable as a monotherapy, combining ezatiostat with agents such as lenalidomide may have the most potential benefit.