Tetramethylpyrazine
(Synonyms: 川芎嗪; Chuanxiongzine; Tetramethylpyrazine) 目录号 : GN10585
Tetramethylpyrazine是一种从川芎中分离出来的生物碱，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、自噬调节、血管舒张、血管生成调节、线粒体损伤抑制、内皮保护、神经保护等活性。
Cas No.:1124-11-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Tetramethylpyrazine is an alkaloid isolated from Chuanxiong rhizome, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, autophagy regulation, vasodilation, angiogenesis regulation, mitochondrial damage inhibition, endothelial protection, and neuroprotection activities[1, 2]. Tetramethylpyrazine has certain therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases by inhibiting calcium overload and glutamate excitotoxicity, anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress, reducing inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, protecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and promoting synaptic plasticity[3, 4].
In vitro, Tetramethylpyrazine (200, 400, 800µg/mL) treatment of A549 cells for 72h inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, induced the aggregation of cells in the G0-G1 phase (increased from 55.06% to 72.61%), and reduced the number of cells in the S phase (decreased from 34.52% to 18.22%)[5].
In vivo, Tetramethylpyrazine (5-40mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to treat rats with ischemic brain injury, which significantly reduced the infarct volume, alleviated brain edema, and significantly reduced the activation of inflammatory cells and the production of proinflammatory mediators induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion[6]. Tetramethylpyrazine (5, 10mg/kg) was injected intravenously to treat rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size and induced the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)[7].
References:
[1] Lin J, Wang Q, Zhou S, et al. Tetramethylpyrazine: a review on its mechanisms and functions[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2022, 150: 113005.
[2] Yang S, Wu S, Dai W, et al. Tetramethylpyrazine: a review of its antitumor potential and mechanisms[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12: 764331.
[3] Liu Y, Yang G, Cui W, et al. Regulatory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on central nervous system diseases: a review[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022, 13: 948600.
[4] Feng F, Xu D Q, Yue S J, et al. Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: A review[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 2024, 51(1): 159.
[5] Zheng C Y, Xiao W, Zhu M X, et al. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by tetramethylpyrazine and its effects on A549 cell invasion and metastasis[J]. International journal of oncology, 2012, 40(6): 2029-2037.
[6] Liao S L, Kao T K, Chen W Y, et al. Tetramethylpyrazine reduces ischemic brain injury in rats[J]. Neuroscience letters, 2004, 372(1-2): 40-45.
[7] Chen S Y, Hsiao G, Hwang H R, et al. Tetramethylpyrazine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats[J]. Journal of biomedical science, 2006, 13(5): 731-740.
Tetramethylpyrazine是一种从川芎中分离出来的生物碱，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、自噬调节、血管舒张、血管生成调节、线粒体损伤抑制、内皮保护、神经保护等活性[1, 2]。Tetramethylpyrazine通过抑制钙离子超载和谷氨酸兴奋毒性、抗氧化/硝化应激、减轻炎症反应、抗细胞凋亡、保护血脑屏障（BBB）完整性和促进突触可塑性等作用，对中枢神经系统疾病具有一定的治疗作用[3, 4]。
在体外，Tetramethylpyrazine（200, 400, 800µg/mL）处理A549细胞72h，以剂量依赖性方式抑制了细胞活力，诱导了G0-G1期细胞聚集（从55.06%增至72.61%），减少了S期细胞（从34.52%降至18.22%）[5]。
在体内，Tetramethylpyrazine（5-40mg/kg）通过腹腔注射治疗缺血性脑损伤大鼠，显著减少了大鼠脑梗死体积，减轻了脑水肿，显著降低了脑缺血/再灌注诱导的炎症细胞活化和促炎介质的产生[6]。Tetramethylpyrazine（5, 10mg/kg）通过静脉注射治疗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠，显著减少了大鼠心肌梗死面积，诱导了血红素加氧酶1（HO-1）的表达[7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | A549 cells |
Preparation Method | A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of Tetramethylpyrazine (200, 400 and 800µg/mL, respectively) or 200µM indomethacin (IN) for 72h and then collected. The percentages of the cell population at G0-G1, S and G2-M phases were determined with a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) flow cytometer after propidium iodide staining. |
Reaction Conditions | 200, 400, 800µg/mL; 72h |
Applications | Tetramethylpyrazine induced an accumulation of cells in the G0-G1 phase (from 55.06 to 72.61%), and a concomitant depletion of cells in S phase (from 34.52 to 18.22% at 72h). |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Male Sprague–Dawley rats |
Preparation Method | Male Sprague–Dawley rats (300 to 350g) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was produced by clamping the two common carotid arteries (CCAs) and the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 90min followed by 3 days reperfusion. In animals receiving sham operations, all surgical procedures were the same as above, but no arterial occlusion was performed. Tetramethylpyrazine (5-40mg/kg) or saline vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 60min prior to the occlusion. After 3 days reperfusion, the brains were quickly removed and chilled in cold PBS for 5min, and 2mm coronal slices were cut using a tissue slicer. Slices were immersed in a PBS solution containing 2% triphenyltertrazolium chloride (TTC) at 37℃ for 30min, after which sections were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin for 45min. |
Dosage form | 5-40mg/kg/day; i.p. |
Applications | Tetramethylpyrazine administrated intraperitoneally significantly protected the brain against ischemic insult as evidenced by the reduction in infarction volume, preservation of neurons, and decrease in brain edema. Tetramethylpyrazine markedly reduced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory cell activation and proinflammatory mediator production. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 1124-11-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 川芎嗪; Chuanxiongzine; Tetramethylpyrazine | ||
| 化学名 | 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=C(N=C(C(=N1)C)C)C | ||
| 分子式 | C8H12N2 | 分子量 | 136.2 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 5mg/mL,DMSO: 5mg/mL,Ethanol: 25mg/mL,Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:5): 0.16mg/mL | 储存条件 | Stored at RT |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.3421 mL | 36.7107 mL | 73.4214 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4684 mL | 7.3421 mL | 14.6843 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.7342 mL | 3.6711 mL | 7.3421 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
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2.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50%
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