(S)-Bromoenol lactone
(Synonyms: (S)-BEL; (S,E)-Bromoenol lactone) 目录号 : GC40679A selective iPLA2β inhibitor
Cas No.:478288-94-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
The phospholipases are an extensive family of lipid hydrolases that function in cell signaling, digestion, membrane remodeling, and as venom components. The calcium-independent phospholipases (iPLA2) are a PLA2 subfamily closely associated with the release of arachidonic acid in response to physiologic stimuli. (S)-Bromoenol lactone ((S)-BEL) is an irreversible, chiral, mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase β (iPLA2β) that inhibits the vasopressin-induced release of arachidonate from cultured rat aortic smooth muscle (A10) cells with an IC50 value of 2 µM. (S)-BEL is more than 1,000-fold selective for iPLA2 versus cPLA2, and is 10-fold selective for iPLA2β versus iPLA2γ.
| Cas No. | 478288-94-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | (S)-BEL; (S,E)-Bromoenol lactone | ||
| Canonical SMILES | Br/C=C1\CC[C@H](C(=O)O\1)c1cccc2ccccc12 | ||
| 分子式 | C16H13BrO2 | 分子量 | 317.2 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 50 mg/ml,DMSO: 25 mg/ml,Ethanol: 5 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): .05 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.1526 mL | 15.7629 mL | 31.5259 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6305 mL | 3.1526 mL | 6.3052 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3153 mL | 1.5763 mL | 3.1526 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Group VIA phospholipase A2 is a target for vasopressin signaling in the thick ascending limb
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012 Apr 1;302(7):F865-74.PMID:22218592DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00222.2011.
Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC2)-mediated NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb (TAL) is stimulated by AVP via V2 receptor/PKA/cAMP signaling. This process is antagonized by locally produced eicosanoids such as 20-HETE or prostaglandin E(2), which are synthesized in a phospholipase A(2)-dependent reaction cascade. Using microarray-based gene expression analysis, we found evidence for an AVP-dependent downregulation of the calcium-independent isoform of PLA(2), iPLA(2)β, in the outer medulla of rats. In the present study, we therefore examined the contribution of iPLA(2)β to NKCC2 regulation. Immunoreactive iPLA(2)β protein was detected in cultured mTAL cells as well as in the entire TAL of rodents and humans with the exception of the macula densa. Administration of the V2 receptor-selective agonist desmopressin (5 ng/h; 3 days) to AVP-deficient diabetes insipidus rats increased outer medullary phosphorylated NKCC2 (pNKCC2) levels more than twofold in association with a marked reduction in iPLA(2)β abundance (-65%; P < 0.05), thus confirming microarray results. Inhibition of iPLA(2)β in Sprague-Dawley rats with FKGK 11 (0.5 μM) or in mTAL cells with FKGK 11 (10 μM) or (S)-Bromoenol lactone (5 μM) for 1 h markedly increased pNKCC2 levels without affecting total NKCC2 expression. Collectively, these data indicate that iPLA(2)β acts as an inhibitory modulator of NKCC2 activity and suggest that downregulation of iPLA(2)β may be a relevant step in AVP-mediated urine concentration.
Activation of group VI phospholipase A2 isoforms in cardiac endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011 Apr;300(4):C872-9.PMID:21191104DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2010.
The endothelium comprises a cellular barrier between the circulation and tissues. We have previously shown that activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 on the surface of human coronary artery endothelial cells by tryptase or thrombin increases group VIA phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)β) activity and results in production of multiple phospholipid-derived inflammatory metabolites. We isolated cardiac endothelial cells from hearts of iPLA(2)β-knockout (iPLA(2)β-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and measured arachidonic acid (AA), prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) production in response to PAR stimulation. Thrombin (0.1 IU/ml) or tryptase (20 ng/ml) stimulation of WT endothelial cells rapidly increased AA and PGI(2) release and increased PAF production. Selective inhibition of iPLA(2)β with (S)-Bromoenol lactone (5 μM, 10 min) completely inhibited thrombin- and tryptase-stimulated responses. Thrombin or tryptase stimulation of iPLA(2)β-KO endothelial cells did not result in significant PAF production and inhibited AA and PGI(2) release. Stimulation of cardiac endothelial cells from group VIB (iPLA(2)γ)-KO mice increased PAF production to levels similar to those of WT cells but significantly attenuated PGI(2) release. These results indicate that cardiac endothelial cell PAF production is dependent on iPLA(2)β activation and that both iPLA(2)β and iPLA(2)γ may be involved in PGI(2) release.
The role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2γ in modulation of aqueous humor drainage and Ca2+ sensitization of trabecular meshwork contraction
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012 Apr 1;302(7):C979-91.PMID:22237407DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00396.2011.
The contractile and relaxation characteristics of trabecular meshwork (TM) are presumed to influence aqueous humor (AH) drainage and intraocular pressure. The mechanisms underlying regulation of TM cell contractile properties, however, are not well understood. This study investigates the role of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)), which controls eicosanoid synthesis, in regulation of TM cell contraction and AH outflow using mechanism-based isoform specific inhibitors (R)-bromoenol lactone (R-BEL, iPLA(2)γ specific) and (S)-Bromoenol lactone (S-BEL, iPLA(2)β specific). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense staining for both iPLA(2)β and γ isoforms throughout the TM, juxtacanalicular tissue, and Schlemm's canal of human eye. Inhibition of iPLA(2)γ by R-BEL or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of iPLA(2)γ expression induced dramatic changes in TM cell morphology, and decreased actin stress fibers, focal adhesions, and myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation. AH outflow facility increased progressively and significantly in enucleated porcine eyes perfused with R-BEL. This response was associated with a significant decrease in TM tissue MLC phosphorylation and alterations in the morphology of aqueous plexi in R-BEL-perfused eyes. In contrast, S-BEL did not affect either of these parameters. Additionally, R-BEL-induced cellular relaxation of the TM was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of active Rho GTPase, phospho-MLC phosphatase, phospho-CPI-17, and arachidonic acid. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that iPLA(2)γ plays a significant and isoform-specific role in regulation of AH outflow facility by altering the contractile characteristics of the TM. The effects of iPLA(2)γ on TM contractile status appear to involve arachidonic acid and Rho GTPase signaling pathways.
Platelet-activating factor and metastasis: calcium-independent phospholipase A2β deficiency protects against breast cancer metastasis to the lung
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011 Apr;300(4):C825-32.PMID:21228317DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2010.
We determined the contribution of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)β (iPLA(2)β) to lung metastasis development following breast cancer injection into wild-type (WT) and iPLA(2)β-knockout (iPLA(2)β-KO) mice. WT and iPLA(2)β-KO mice were injected in the mammary pad with 200,000 E0771 breast cancer cells. There was no difference in primary tumor size between WT and iPLA(2)β-KO mice at 27 days postinjection. However, we observed an 11-fold greater number of breast cancer cells in the lungs of WT mice compared with iPLA(2)β-KO animals (P < 0.05). Isolated WT lung endothelial cells demonstrated a significant increase in platelet-activating factor (PAF) production when stimulated with thrombin [1 IU/ml, 10 min, 4,330 ± 555 vs. 15,227 ± 1,043 disintegrations per minute (dpm), P < 0.01] or TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 2 h, 16,532 ± 538 dpm, P < 0.01). Adherence of E0771 cells to WT endothelial cells was increased by thrombin (4.8 ± 0.3% vs. 70.9 ± 6.3, P < 0.01) or TNF-α (60.5 ± 4.3, P < 0.01). These responses were blocked by pretreatment with the iPLA(2)β-selective inhibitor (S)-Bromoenol lactone and absent in lung endothelial cells from iPLA(2)β-KO mice. These data indicate that endothelial cell iPLA(2)β is responsible for PAF production and adherence of E0771 cells and may play a role in cancer cell migration to distal locations.
Enhanced breast cancer cell adherence to the lung endothelium via PAF acetylhydrolase inhibition: a potential mechanism for enhanced metastasis in smokers
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014 Nov 15;307(10):C951-6.PMID:25186013DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2014.
Cancer deaths are primarily caused by distant metastases, rather than by primary tumor growth; however, the role of smoking in metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrated previously that endothelial cell platelet-activating factor (PAF) production results in enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung. We propose that endothelial cell PAF accumulation plays a role in cancer cell migration to distal locations. We used cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to inhibit the activity of endothelial cell PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), which hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF, and determined whether this results in increased endothelial cell PAF accumulation and breast cancer adherence. Incubation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) with CSE resulted in a significant inhibition of PAF-AH activity that was accompanied by increased PAF production and adherence of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Pretreatment of HMVEC-L with (S)-Bromoenol lactone to inhibit calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β, which initiates endothelial cell PAF production) prior to CSE exposure resulted in complete inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell adherence. Similarly, pretreatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the PAF receptor antagonist Ginkgo biloba resulted in inhibition of adherence to the endothelium. Immunoblot analysis indicated an increase in MDA-MB-231 cell PAF receptor expression with CSE exposure. Taken together, our data indicate that CSE exposure increases endothelial cell PAF production, resulting in enhanced adherence of tumor cells to the endothelium. Our in vitro data indicate that increased tumor cell adherence would lead to enhanced metastasis formation in smokers. Potential therapeutic targets include endothelial cell iPLA2β or the tumor cell PAF receptor.