S 38093
目录号 : GC31105
S 38093 is a histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist with a moderate affinity for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors (Ki = 8.8, 1.44 and 1.2 μM, respectively) and no affinity for other histaminergic receptors.
Cas No.:862896-30-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Animal experiment: | The context discrimination task consists of an 8-day contextual fear discrimination paradigm in which the mice have to learn to distinguish between a fearful shock context and a similar non-shock context. On day 1 the mice are only exposed to the training shock context, and on days 2-8 the mice are exposed to the shock and then non-shock context in that order each day. The mice are run through the context discrimination task starting at 10 am and ending at 2 pm and are then gavaged with vehicle or S 38093 at 4 pm each day. The drug and vehicle are always administered after behavioral testing to avoid possible acute effects of the drug on behavior. Learning is measured by the percent time the mice spent freezing and testing is terminated when percent freezing is consistently significantly different between the two contexts. The mice are tested after 29 days of drug treatment. Conditioning is conducted on one side of a Med-Associates shuttle box (ENV-010MC; 20.3 cm × 15.9 cm × 21.3 cm high) with a clear plexiglass wall, 3 aluminum walls and a stainless steel grid as a floor. Mouse behavior is recorded by digital video cameras mounted above the conditioning chamber. Freezeframe and Freezeview softwar are used for recording and analyzing freezing behavior, respectively. In training context A, mice are allowed to habituate in new cages outside the room and are then brought into the room in the new cages. The house fan and house light are turned on, the stainless steel grid is exposed, the plexiglass wall is up and a mild anise scent is used as an olfactory cue. The door to the sound dampening enclosure is shut for the duration of the trial. 180 s after the mice are placed in the training context, they are delivered a single footshock of 0.75 mA lasting 2 s. 15 s after the end of the footshock, the mice are placed back into their home cages. Non-alcoholic antiseptic wipes are used to clean the grids and catch trays in between trials. An hour later the mice are brought into the room in paper buckets and put into similar context B. The house fan and house light are turned off, the door of the enclosure is left ajar, plastic placemat sheets are put into the shuttle box to make a high-walled circular enclosure, the plexiglass wall is left down and a mild lemon scent is used as the olfactory cue. The stainless steel grid, a salient feature of both contexts, remained exposed. The mice stayed in the chambers for 180 s without receiving a footshock and are placed back into their home cages. 70% ethanol is used to clean the grids and catch trays between trials. The discrimination ratio allowed for evaluation of discrimination between the two contexts and is computed as follows: A = freezing in context A, B = freezing in context B, and the discrimination ratio = A/(A + B). Larger values indicate better discrimination. |
References: [1]. Guilloux JP, et al. S 38093, a histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist, promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and improves context discrimination task in aged mice. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 20;7:42946. | |
S 38093 is a histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist with a moderate affinity for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors (Ki = 8.8, 1.44 and 1.2 μM, respectively) and no affinity for other histaminergic receptors.
In cellular models, the compound was able to antagonize mice H3 receptors (KB = 0.65 μM) and to suppress cAMP decrease induced by an H3 agonist via human H3 receptors (KB = 0.11 μM). Among the four histaminergic receptor subtypes, S 38093 is selective for the H3 receptor, its binding affinity for H1, H2 and H4 receptors being negligible[1].
S 38093, a novel brain-penetrant antagonist/inverse agonist of H3 receptors, on AHN (proliferation, maturation and survival) in 3-month-old and in aged 16-month-old mice. In aged animals, S 38093 induced a reversal of age-dependent effects on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) BDNF-IX, BDNF-IV and BDNF-I transcripts and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The effects of chronic administration of S 38093 were assessed on a neurogenesis-dependent “context discrimination (CS) test” in aged mice. While ageing altered mouse CS, chronic S 38093 treatment significantly improved CS. Chronic S 38093 treatment increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and may provide an innovative strategy to improve age-associated cognitive deficits. S 38093 is found to be active at a mean pharmacological dose of 0.3–1?mg/kg p.o./i.p. in animal behavioral tests of working memory (Morris water maze in rats; spontaneous alternation and concurrent serial alternation tests in mice; delayed matching to sample in aged monkeys) and episodic-like memory (social and object recognition tests in rats; contextual discrimination task in mice). S 38093 also improves attention, executive functioning, and cognitive flexibility in MPTP-treated monkeys. Moreover, in line with its H3 antagonist/inverse agonist properties, S 38093 dose-dependently increases extracellular histamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and facilitates cholinergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats after both acute and chronic administrations[2]. S 38093 was rapidly absorbed in mouse and rat (Tmax= 0.25-0.5h), slowly in monkey (2h), with a bioavailability ranging from 20 to 60% and t1/2 ranging from 1.5h to 7.4h. The compound was widely distributed with a moderate volume of distribution and low protein binding. The brain distribution of S 38093 was rapid and high[1].
[1] Sors A, et al. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017, 803:11-23. [2] Guilloux JP, et al. Sci Rep. 2017, 7:42946.
| Cas No. | 862896-30-8 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(N)C1=CC=C(OCCCN2CC3C(CCC3)C2)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C17H24N2O2 | 分子量 | 288.38 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 15 mg/mL (52.01 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
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| 1 mM | 3.4676 mL | 17.3382 mL | 34.6765 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6935 mL | 3.4676 mL | 6.9353 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3468 mL | 1.7338 mL | 3.4676 mL |
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S 38093, a histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist, promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and improves context discrimination task in aged mice
Strategies designed to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) may have therapeutic potential for reversing memory impairments. H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists also may be useful for treating cognitive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether these ligands have effects on AHN. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 28-day treatment with S 38093, a novel brain-penetrant antagonist/inverse agonist of H3 receptors, on AHN (proliferation, maturation and survival) in 3-month-old and in aged 16-month-old mice. In addition, the effects of S 38093 treatment on 7-month-old APPSWE Tg2576 transgenic mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease, were also assessed. In all tested models, chronic treatment with S 38093 stimulated all steps of AHN. In aged animals, S 38093 induced a reversal of age-dependent effects on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) BDNF-IX, BDNF-IV and BDNF-I transcripts and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Finally, the effects of chronic administration of S 38093 were assessed on a neurogenesis-dependent "context discrimination (CS) test" in aged mice. While ageing altered mouse CS, chronic S 38093 treatment significantly improved CS. Taken together, these results provide evidence that chronic S 38093 treatment increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and may provide an innovative strategy to improve age-associated cognitive deficits.
Effects of S 38093, an antagonist/inverse agonist of histamine H3 receptors, in models of neuropathic pain in rats
Background: Histamine H3 receptors are mainly expressed on CNS neurons, particularly along the nociceptive pathways. The potential involvement of these receptors in pain processing has been suggested using H3 receptor inverse agonists.
Methods: The antinociceptive effect of S 38093, a novel inverse agonist of H3 receptors, has been evaluated in several neuropathic pain models in rat and compared with those of gabapentin and pregabalin.
Results: While S 38093 did not change vocalization thresholds to paw pressure in healthy rats, it exhibited a significant antihyperalgesic effect in the Streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ) neuropathy model after acute and chronic administration and, in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model only after chronic administration, submitted to the paw-pressure test. Acute S 38093 administration at all doses tested displayed a significant cold antiallodynic effect in a model of acute or repeated administration of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy submitted to cold tail immersion, cold allodynia being the main side effect of oxaliplatin in patients. The effect of S 38093 increased following chronic administration (i.e. twice a day during 5 days) in the CCI and STZ models except in the oxaliplatin models where its effect was already maximal from the first administration The kinetics and size of effect of S 38093 were similar to gabapentin and/or pregabalin. Finally, the antinociceptive effect of S 38093 could be partially mediated by α2 adrenoreceptors desensitization in the locus coeruleus.
Conclusions: These results highlight the interest of S 38093 to relieve neuropathic pain and warrant clinical trials especially in chemotherapeutic agent-induced neuropathic pain.
Significance: S 38093, a new H3 antagonist/inverse agonist, displays antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effect in neuropathic pain, especially in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy after chronic administration. This effect of S 38093 in neuropathic pain could be partly mediated by α2 receptors desensitization in the locus coeruleus.
In vivo pharmacological profile of S 38093, a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist
S 38093, a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist, was tested in a series of neurochemical and behavioral paradigms designed to evaluate its procognitive and arousal properties. In intracerebral microdialysis studies performed in rats, S 38093 dose-dependently increased histamine extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex and facilitated cholinergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats after acute and chronic administration (10mg/kg i.p.). Acute oral administration of S 38093 at 0.1mg/kg significantly improved spatial working memory in rats in the Morris water maze test. The compound also displayed cognition enhancing properties in the two-trial object recognition task in rats, in a natural forgetting paradigm at 0.3 and 1mg/kg p.o. and in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit situation at 3mg/kg p.o. The property of S 38093 to promote episodic memory was confirmed in a social recognition test in rats at 0.3 and 1mg/kg i.p. Arousal properties of S 38093 were assessed in freely moving rats by using electroencephalographic recordings: at 3 and 10mg/kg i.p., S 38093 significantly reduced slow wave sleep delta power and induced at the highest dose a delay in sleep latency. S 38093 at 10mg/kg p.o. also decreased the barbital-induced sleeping time in rats. Taken together these data indicate that S 38093, a novel H3 inverse agonist, displays cognition enhancing at low doses and arousal properties at higher doses in rodents.
Mechanistic characterization of S 38093, a novel inverse agonist at histamine H3 receptors
Histaminergic H3 inverse agonists, by stimulating central histamine release, represent attractive drug candidates to treat cognitive disorders. The present studies aimed to describe the mechanistic profile of S 38093 a novel H3 receptors inverse agonist. S 38093 displays a moderate affinity for rat, mouse and human H3 receptors (Ki=8.8, 1.44 and 1.2?M, respectively) with no affinity for other histaminergic receptors. In cellular models, the compound was able to antagonize mice H3 receptors (KB=0.65?M) and to suppress cAMP decrease induced by an H3 agonist via human H3 receptors (KB=0.11?M). The antagonism properties of the compound were confirmed by electrophysiological studies on rat hippocampal slices (from 0.1μM). In cells expressing a high H3 density, S 38093 behaved as a moderate inverse agonist at rat and human H3 receptors (EC50=9 and 1.7?M, respectively). S 38093 was rapidly absorbed in mouse and rat (Tmax=0.25-0.5h), slowly in monkey (2h), with a bioavailability ranging from 20% to 60% and t1/2 ranging from 1.5 to 7.4h. The compound was widely distributed with a moderate volume of distribution and low protein binding. The brain distribution of S 38093 was rapid and high. In mice, S 38093 significantly increased ex vivo N-tele-Methylhistamine cerebral levels from 3mg/kg p.o. and antagonized R-α-Methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia from 10mg/kg i.p. Taken together, these data suggest that S 38093, a novel H3 inverse agonist, is a good candidate for further in vivo evaluations, in particular in animal models of cognition.
The Synergistic Enhancing-Memory Effect of Donepezil and S 38093 (a Histamine H3 Antagonist) Is Mediated by Increased Neural Activity in the Septo-hippocampal Circuitry in Middle-Aged Mice
Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, induces only moderate symptomatic effects on memory in Alzheimer's disease patients. An alternative strategy for treatment of cognitive symptoms could be to act simultaneously on both histaminergic and cholinergic pathways, to create a synergistic effect. To that aim, 14 month old C57/Bl6 mice were administered per oesophagy during nine consecutive days with Donepezil (at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and S 38093 (at 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg), a H3 histaminergic antagonist developed by Servier, alone or in combination and tested for memory in a contextual memory task that modelized the age-induced memory dysfunction. The present study shows that the combination of Donepezil and S 38093 induced a dose-dependent synergistic memory-enhancing effect in middle-aged mice with a statistically higher size of effect never obtained with compounds alone and without any pharmacokinetic interaction between both compounds. We demonstrated that the memory-enhancing effect of the S 38093 and Donepezil combination is mediated by its action on the septo-hippocampal circuitry, since it canceled out the reduction of CREB phosphorylation (pCREB) observed in these brain areas in vehicle-treated middle-aged animals. Overall, the effects of drug combinations on pCREB in the hippocampus indicate that the synergistic promnesiant effects of the combination on memory performance in middle-aged mice stem primarily from an enhancement of neural activity in the septo-hippocampal system.