Bacopaside II

Bacopaside II is a steroidal saponin extracted from the medicinal plant Bacopa monnieriwith multiple biological activities^[1]. Bacopaside II can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells^[2]. Bacopaside II reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibits endothelial cell migration and tube formation^[3]. Bacopaside II also exhibits potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease^[4].

In vitro, treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1143 and MDA-MB-231 with Bacopaside II (15–30μM) significantly induced apoptosis and necroptosis-like cell death. Combined treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with Bacopaside II (10μM) and doxorubicin (100nM) for 72 hours demonstrated a synergistic growth inhibitory effect^[5]. Treatment of colon cancer cell lines HT-29, SW480, SW620, and HCT116 with Bacopaside II (15–30μM) for 24–72 hours significantly inhibited cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and caused prominent intracellular vacuolization and autophagy-like morphological changes^[6].

In vivo, oral administration of Bacopaside II (50mg/kg) for five consecutive days to ICR mice exhibited antidepressant effects, significantly reducing immobility time by 55% in the forced swimming test and by 38% in the tail suspension test^[7]. Oral pre-treatment of ICR mice with Bacopaside II (50mg/kg) one hour before intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce memory impairment showed that Bacopaside II ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment^[8].

References:
[1] Chakravarty AK, Sarkar T, Masuda K, et al. Bacopaside I and II: two pseudojujubogenin glycosides from Bacopa monniera. Phytochemistry. 2001 Oct;58(4):553-6.
[2] De Ieso ML, Pei JV, Nourmohammadi S, et al. Combined pharmacological administration of AQP1 ion channel blocker AqB011 and water channel blocker Bacopaside II amplifies inhibition of colon cancer cell migration. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 2;9(1):12635.
[3] Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Smith E, et al. The Aquaporin 1 Inhibitor Bacopaside II Reduces Endothelial Cell Migration and Tubulogenesis and Induces Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 26;19(3):653.
[4] Anwar S, Mohammad T, Azhar MK, et al. Investigating MARK4 inhibitory potential of Bacopaside II: Targeting Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Aug 1;245:125364.
[5] Rad SK, Yeo KKL, Li R, et al. Enhancement of Doxorubicin Efficacy by Bacopaside II in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules. 2025 Jan 3;15(1):55.
[6] Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, et al. The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cells. 2018 Jul 21;7(7):81.
[7] Zhou Y, Shen YH, Zhang C, et al. Triterpene saponins from Bacopa monnieri and their antidepressant effects in two mice models. J Nat Prod. 2007 Apr;70(4):652-5.
[8] Zhou Y, Peng L, Zhang WD, et al. Effect of triterpenoid saponins from Bacopa monniera on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Planta Med. 2009 May;75(6):568-74.

Bacopaside II是一种从药用植物Bacopa monnieri中提取的具有多种生物活性的甾体皂苷^[1]。Bacopaside II可诱导癌细胞的细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡^[2]。Bacopaside II可减少过氧化氢诱导的细胞内活性氧（ROS）的产生，能减少内皮细胞的迁移和管形成^[3]。Bacopaside II还具有治疗阿尔兹海默症的潜力^[4]。

在体外，Bacopaside II（15–30μM）处理三阴性乳腺癌细胞系HCC1143和MDA-MB-231，显著诱导细胞凋亡和坏死样细胞死亡，Bacopaside II（10μM）与阿霉素（100nM）联合处理MDA-MB-231细胞72小时，表现出协同的生长抑制效应^[5]。Bacopaside II（15–30μM）处理HT-29、SW480、SW620和HCT116结肠癌细胞系24–72小时，显著抑制细胞生长并诱导细胞周期阻滞和凋亡，同时引起明显的细胞内空泡化和自噬样形态变化^[6]。

在体内，Bacopaside II（50mg/kg）连续5天口服处理ICR小鼠，显示出抗抑郁的作用，在强迫游泳测试中显著缩短不动时间55%，在悬尾测试中显著缩短不动时间38%^[7]。Bacopaside II（50mg/kg）口服预处理ICR小鼠1小时，随后以Scopolamine（1mg/kg）腹腔注射诱导记忆损伤，Bacopaside II可改善Scopolamine诱导的记忆损伤^[8]。