Penconazole
(Synonyms: 戊菌唑) 目录号 : GC61453
Penconazole是一种典型的三唑类杀菌剂(fungicide)，主要用于苹果、葡萄、蔬菜等地的白粉病防治。Penconazole抑制真菌固醇生物合成。Penconazole降低大鼠大脑和小脑AChE活性。
Cas No.:66246-88-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats[1][2].
Penconazole (67 mg/kg; i.p.; every 2 days during 9 days) induces oxidative stress in rat cerebrum and cerebellum tissues[2].Penconazole has the ability to induce oxidative damage in the brain of adult rats, as evidenced by an increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, in addition to the perturbations in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status. Penconazole also affects the cholinergic system, activities of membrane-bound ATPases, and brain histoarchitecture. Penconazole is a potential neurotoxicant pesticide that exerts its neurotoxic effects via the generation of oxidative stress. Penconazole causes a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the cerebrum (11%) and cerebellum (25%) of adult rats[2]. Animal Model: Twelve male Wistar rats[2]
[1]. Husak VV, et al. Acute exposure to the penconazole-containing fungicide Topas partially augments antioxidant potential in goldfish tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017;193:1-8. [2]. ChaÂbane M, et al. Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function, and membrane-bound ATPases in the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2017;36(8):854-866.
| Cas No. | 66246-88-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 戊菌唑 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)CN2N=CN=C2 | ||
| 分子式 | C13H15Cl2N3 | 分子量 | 284.18 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mg/mL (351.89 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.5189 mL | 17.5945 mL | 35.189 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7038 mL | 3.5189 mL | 7.0378 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3519 mL | 1.7594 mL | 3.5189 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Chiral fungicide Penconazole: Absolute configuration, bioactivity, toxicity, and stereoselective degradation in apples
Sci Total Environ 2022 Feb 20;808:152061.PMID:34861299DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152061.
Traditional evaluation of chiral pesticides can lead to inaccurate results, as their enantiomers may show different properties. Penconazole, a chiral triazole fungicide with two enantiomers, is widely applied to protect against phytopathogens. In this study, its absolute configuration, bioactivity, ecotoxicity, and stereoselective degradation were investigated at the enantiomeric level in detail. The absolute configuration of the two enantiomers (R-(+)-penconazole and S-(-)-penconazole) was first confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and their enantioseparation method was developed and optimized using UPLC-MS/MS. S-(-)-penconazole showed high bioactivity, as its fungicidal activity against four target phytopathogens (Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali, Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum) was 1.8-4.4 times higher than that of R-(+)-penconazole. The results of an acute toxicity test showed that the LC50 values of S-(-)-penconazole against Daphnia magna were 32.5 times higher than those of R-(+)-penconazole at 24 h during the test period. Stereoselective degradation behaviors were found in nonbagging and bagging Fuji apples collected from three major apple-producing regions in China, with half-lives of 23.5-51.6 d (nonbagging treatment) and 23.0-57.5 d (bagging treatment) for R-(+)-penconazole and 41.1-60.9 d (nonbagging treatment) and 52.5-91.2 d (bagging treatment) for S-(+)-penconazole, respectively. This study provided new insights into the bioactivity, ecotoxicity, and stereoselective degradation of Penconazole enantiomers. The above results also emphasized the importance of risk assessments of chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level.
Developmental toxicity of Penconazole in Zebrfish (Danio rerio) embryos
Chemosphere 2018 Jun;200:8-15.PMID:29471168DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.094.
Penconazole is a widely used fungicide that is toxic to a variety of organisms including fish. In the present study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of Penconazole on zebrafish embryos by exposing to different concentrations of Penconazole (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 mg/L) from 4-h post-fertilization (hpf). Hatching, survival, and heart rates, body length, malformation and expression of several genes were detected. The results showed that Penconazole exposure induced developmental toxicity, including delayed hatching, reduced survival, and heart rate. In addition to this, exposure to Penconazole caused malformations, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, axial malformation, tail malformation and spinal curvature. Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that mRNA levels of antioxidant genes were down-regulated after Penconazole exposure. On the other hand, mRNA levels of interleukin 1 beta and interferon in embryos were up-regulated after exposure to Penconazole. In summary, our data indicated that Penconazole cause embryonic development toxicity on zebrafish embryos.
Impacts of Penconazole and Its Enantiomers Exposure on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Profiles in Mice
J Agric Food Chem 2019 Jul 31;67(30):8303-8311.PMID:31298535DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02856.
Exposure to chiral pesticides poses many potential health risks. In this study, we examined the impacts of exposure to Penconazole and its enantiomers on gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in mice. The relative abundance of microbiota in cecal content significantly changed following exposure to Penconazole and its enantiomers. At the genus level, the relative abundances of seven gut microflora were altered following exposure to (-)-penconazole. Both (±)-penconazole and (+)-penconazole caused significant changes in the relative abundances of five gut microflora. In addition, targeted serum metabolomics analysis showed disturbed metabolic profiles following exposure. Respectively, (±)-penconazole, (+)-penconazole, and (-)-penconazole exposure significantly altered the relative levels of 29, 23, and 36 metabolites. In general, exposure to Penconazole and its enantiomers caused disorders in gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of mice. The potential health risks of Penconazole and its enantiomers now require further evaluation.
Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of Penconazole enantiomers exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Environ Pollut 2020 Dec;267:115450.PMID:32892009DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115450.
Penconazole is a widely used chiral triazole bactericide that may adversely affect the environment. It contains two corresponding enantiomers and there may be differences in toxicity between the isomers. Therefore, in this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of the Penconazole enantiomer to study the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of Penconazole on zebrafish and the difference in toxicity between enantiomers. The results showed that Penconazole exposure caused adverse effects on zebrafish embryos, such as autonomous motor abnormalities, heart rate slowing, and increased deformity, resulting in significant developmental toxicity. Meanwhile, also caused the zebrafish larvae to slow movement, the neurotransmitter content and nervous system related gene expression significantly changed, which proved that Penconazole also caused neurotoxicity to zebrafish. Interestingly, our results also clearly show that (+)-penconazole is significantly more toxic to zebrafish than (-)-penconazole at the same concentration, whether it is developmental toxicity or neurotoxicity, which suggests that we should focus on (+)-penconazole more when conducting toxicological studies on Penconazole.
Syntheses of APTMS-Coated ZnO: An Investigation towards Penconazole Detection
Materials (Basel) 2022 Nov 15;15(22):8050.PMID:36431536DOI:10.3390/ma15228050.
Extrinsic chemiluminescence can be an efficient tool for determining pesticides and fungicides, which do not possess any intrinsic fluorescent signal. On this basis, (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-coated ZnO (APTMS@ZnO) was synthesized and tested as an extrinsic probe for the fungicide Penconazole. Several synthetic routes were probed using either a one-pot or two-steps method, in order to ensure both a green synthetic pathway and a good signal variation for the Penconazole concentration. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and associated energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The average size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is 54 ± 10 nm, in line with previous preparations. Of all the samples, those synthesized in two steps, at temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to a maximum of 40 °C, using water solvent (G-APTMG@ZnO), appeared to be composed of nanoparticles, homogeneously coated with APTMS. Chemiluminescence tests of G-APTMG@ZnO, in the Penconazole concentration range 0.7-1.7 ppm resulted in a quenching of the native signal between 6% and 19% with a good linear response, thus indicating a green pathway for detecting the contaminant. The estimated detection limit (LOD) is 0.1 ± 0.01 ppm.