NIAD-4
目录号 : GC44399
A fluorescent probe for Aβ
Cas No.:868592-56-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
NIAD-4 is a fluorescent probe that crosses the blood-brain barrier to bind with high affinity to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques (Ki = 10 nM). It displays excitation/emission spectra of 475/625 nm, respectively, with the far-red emission occurring upon binding to Aβ.
| Cas No. | 868592-56-7 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC=C(/C=C(C#N)/C#N)S3)S2)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C18H10N2OS2 | 分子量 | 334.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 25 mg/mL,DMSO: 25 mg/mL,DMSO:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:2): 0.3 mg/mL,Ethanol: 0.2 mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9904 mL | 14.9522 mL | 29.9043 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5981 mL | 2.9904 mL | 5.9809 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.299 mL | 1.4952 mL | 2.9904 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The influence of hydrogen bonds on NIAD-4 for use in the optical imaging of amyloid fibrils
Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017 Jun 21;19(24):15849-15855.PMID:28585952DOI:10.1039/c7cp02268a.
The fast and accurate detection of amyloid fibrils, which are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, is important for their early diagnosis. {[50-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,20-bithienyl-5-yl]-methylidene}-propanedinitrile (NIAD-4) is a new promising fluorescent marker for amyloid fibrils, and the photophysical behaviour of NIAD-4 is controversial. Nonadiabatic dynamic simulations, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to determine the influence of the environment on NIAD-4 and the photophysical behaviour of NIAD-4. The results indicate that NIAD-4 is in the NIAD-4·3H2O compound form in the ground state in water. The torsion process of NIAD-4 proposed by Hu et al. (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 28) does not occur in the excited state. In addition, the fluorescence behaviour of NIAD-4 is sensitive to a hydrogen bonding environment, the maximum fluorescence wavelengths of NIAD-4 show considerable red-shifts, and the fluorescence intensity of NIAD-4 increases significantly in a hydrogen bonding environment. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are vital for the phenomenon observed in the experiment because the fluorescence intensity of NIAD-4 becomes unusually high with increasing solvent polarities. Therefore, the influence of the intermolecular hydrogen bond should be carefully taken into consideration when NIAD-4 is used to probe the amyloid fibrils in hydrogen-bonding surroundings, especially in complex bioenvironments.
Disaggregation-induced fluorescence enhancement of NIAD-4 for the optical imaging of amyloid-β fibrils
Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015 Aug 14;17(30):19718-25.PMID:26123993DOI:10.1039/c5cp02728d.
The main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. An early diagnosis of the disease requires a fast and accurate detection of such aggregates in vivo. NIAD-4 is one of the most promising in vivo markers developed due to its high emission at λ > 600 nm and its ability to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target Aβ deposits. Furthermore, it shows a dramatic fluorescence enhancement upon binding to amyloid fibrils, which is essential for attaining good imaging contrast. Aiming at establishing novel design concepts for the preparation of optimized optical probes, the current work rationalizes the excellent performance of NIAD-4 by using a pool of computational (TD-DFT and CASPT2 calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics and protein energy landscape exploration) and spectroscopic techniques. Unlike other markers operating as molecular rotors or polarity-sensitive dyes, we uncover herein that the high fluorescence imaging contrast observed upon NIAD-4 binding to amyloid fibrils results from reversible aggregation. NIAD-4 forms non-emissive assemblies in aqueous solution already at very low concentrations, which convert into the highly fluorescent monomeric species by diffusion into the hydrophobic voids of Aβ deposits. This result paves the way to exploit aggregation-induced processes as a new strategy towards advanced fluorescence markers for amyloid detection.
Enhanced fluorescence of [[5'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl]methylene]-propanedinitrile (NIAD-4): solvation induced micro-viscosity enhancement
Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016 Jul 28;18(28):18750-7.PMID:27346590DOI:10.1039/c6cp00881j.
Excited state solvation plays a very important role in modulating the emission behavior of fluorophores upon excitation. Here, the solvation effects on the local micro-environment around a fluorophore are proposed by investigating the fantastic emission behavior of a novel amyloid fibril marker, NIAD-4, in different alcoholic and aprotic solvents. In alcoholic solvents, high solvent viscosity causes an obvious enhancement of fluorescence because of the restriction of torsion of NIAD-4, where the formation of a non-fluorescent twist intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state is suppressed. In aprotic solvents, high solvent polarity leads to a remarkable redshift of the emission spectra suggesting strong solvation. Surprisingly, an abnormal fluorescence enhancement of NIAD-4 is observed with increasing solvent polarity of the aprotic solvents, whereas solvent viscosity plays little role in influencing the fluorescence intensity. We conclude that such an abnormal phenomenon is originated from a solvation induced micro-viscosity enhancement around the fluorophore upon excitation which restricts the torsion of NIAD-4. Femtosecond transient absorption results further prove such a micro-viscosity increasing mechanism. We believe that this solvation induced micro-viscosity enhancement effect on fluorescence could widely exist for most donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) compounds in polar solvents, which should be carefully taken into consideration when probing the micro-viscosity in polar environments, especially in complex bioenvironments.
Specific in situ discrimination of amyloid fibrils versus α-helical fibres by the fluorophore NIAD-4
Mol Biosyst 2012 Feb;8(2):557-64.PMID:22116468DOI:10.1039/c1mb05370a.
A wide range of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and other forms of amyloidosis, are associated with the formation of insoluble fibrillar protein aggregates known as amyloids. To gain insights into this process analytical methods are needed, which give quantitative data on the molecular events that are taking place. The dye Thioflavin T (ThT) is widely used for the spectroscopic determination of amyloid fibril formation. Different binding affinities to amyloids at neutral and acidic pH and the frequently observed poor binding at acidic pH are problematic in the use of the cationic ThT. The uncharged fluorescence probe [[5'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl]methylene]-propanedinitrile (NIAD-4) has been recently designed by Swager and coworkers, in order to eliminate some of the limitations of ThT. Here we have used this novel dye for in vitro monitoring of the amyloid formation processes of de novo designed model peptides. Amyloid structures were successfully detected by NIAD-4 at neutral as well as acidic pH and no significant fluorescence was detectable in the presence of α-helical fibres. Thus, NIAD-4 proved to be a valuable alternative to ThT for spectroscopic studies on amyloid structures over a broad pH range.
Small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of amyloid self-assembly in vitro and in vivo
Curr Protein Pept Sci 2011 May;12(3):205-20.PMID:21348839DOI:10.2174/138920311795860151.
The misfolding and aggregation of amyloidogenic polypeptides are characteristics of many neurodegenerative syndromes including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. There is a major interest in the availability of amyloid-specific probes that exhibit fluorescence properties, for its use as reporters of protein aggregation in spectroscopy and microscopy methodologies. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of novel fluorescence-based probes and procedures applied for addressing fundamental aspects of amyloid self-assembly in vitro and in vivo. We highlight the utilization in vitro of several small-molecule fluorescent probes as extrinsic and site-specific reporters of amyloid formation, including single-molecule determinations. Detection of amyloid self-assembly employing compounds such as JC-1, DCVJ, ANS derivatives and luminescent conjugated polymers, as well as site-specific probes such as pyrene and ESIPT is discussed. We further review novel fluorescent probes developed for the non-invasive optical imaging of protein aggregates in vivo, including BTA-1, Methoxy-X04, NIAD-4 and CRANAD-2. Availability of increasingly versatile amyloid-specific fluorescent probes is having a very positive impact in the drug discovery and diagnostics fields.