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Naled Sale

(Synonyms: 二溴磷) 目录号 : GC47742

An organophosphate insecticide and acaricide

Naled Chemical Structure

Cas No.:300-76-5

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100 mg
¥496.00
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产品描述

Naled is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).1 It reduces the number of A. sollicitans mosquitos by 97% after one hour when aerially applied at a concentration of 0.1 pounds per acre.2 Naled (125 ppm AI) induces 100 and 64% mortality of T. telarius adults and immature mites, respectively, in an immediate contact toxicity test but does not induce mortality in mite eggs.3 It is toxic to rats with an LD50 value of 250 mg/kg.4 Formulations containing naled have been used in the control of mosquitoes in public areas and of crop-damaging insects in agriculture.

1.Herzsprung, P., Weil, L., and Niessner, R.Measurement of bimolecular rate constants ki of the cholinesterase inactivation reaction by 55 insecticides and of the influence of various pyridiniumoximes on kiInt. J. Eniviron. Anal. Chem.47(3)181-200(1992) 2.Knapp, F.W., and Rogers, C.E.Low volume aerial insecticide application for the control of Aedes sollicit and walkerMosquito News28(4)535-540(1968) 3.Mailloux, M., and Morrison, F.O.The effects of acaricides on the developmental stages of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychu telariusJ. Econ. Entomol.55(4)479-483(1962) 4.Gaines, T.B.Acute toxicity of pesticidesToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.14(3)515-534(1969)

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 300-76-5 SDF
别名 二溴磷
Canonical SMILES BrC(Cl)(Cl)C(Br)OP(OC)(OC)=O
分子式 C4H7Br2Cl2O4P 分子量 380.8
溶解度 DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.20 mg/ml 储存条件 Store at -20°C
General tips 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。
为了提高溶解度,请将管子加热至37℃,然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。
Shipping Condition 评估样品解决方案:配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸:配备RT,或根据请求配备蓝冰。

溶解性数据

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1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.6261 mL 13.1303 mL 26.2605 mL
5 mM 0.5252 mL 2.6261 mL 5.2521 mL
10 mM 0.2626 mL 1.313 mL 2.6261 mL
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Research Update

Persistence of aerially-sprayed Naled in coastal sediments

Sci Total Environ 2021 Nov 10;794:148701.PMID:34323772DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148701.

Aerial sprays of the organophosphate pesticide, Naled, were intensified over beach areas during the summer of 2016 to control the locally-acquired Zika outbreak in the continental U.S. Concerns were raised in beach frequented areas about contaminated sediments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence and levels of Naled and its byproduct, dichlorvos, in sediments obtained from the affected areas. Laboratory experiments were designed to simulate the effect of various natural conditions on the decomposition of Naled in three sediment types (beach sand, marl, and calcinated beach sand). The three sediment samples were also exposed to field aerial sprays. After 30 min of exposure, more dichlorvos was detected in the sediments than Naled, with 33 to 43% of the molar concentration initially applied as either Naled or dichlorvos. Under dark conditions, trace levels of Naled were observed after 24 h on sediments. Higher temperature accelerated the natural decomposition of both Naled and dichlorvos in sediments. The half-life of Naled ranged from 3 to 5 h at 22.5 °C and ranged from 1 to 3 h at 30 °C. Expedited decomposition of Naled was observed under sunlight conditions with a half-life of Naled of 20 min. In the field, only dichlorvos was detected in the sediment samples at concentrations between 0.0011 and 0.0028 μmol/g 1 h after aerial sprays. This data can be used towards a risk assessment that evaluates exposures to Naled and dichlorvos through beach sands impacted by aerial spray activities.

Persistence of aerially applied mosquito-pesticide, Naled, in fresh and marine waters

Sci Total Environ 2020 Jul 10;725:138391.PMID:32302840DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138391.

Naled, an organophosphate pesticide, received considerable attention during 2016 as it was applied aerially to control the first mosquito-borne Zika virus outbreak in the continental United States. Stakeholders living in affected areas raised concerns about its environmental impacts. One factor influencing environmental impacts is the persistence of the chemical applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the persistence of Naled - and its degradation bi-product, dichlorvos - in natural waters. Initial Naled concentrations were measured at ground level after full-scale aerial spray activities. Laboratory experiments were designed to evaluate factors (fresh versus marine water chemistry, temperature, and sunlight) that may promote the degradation of Naled and dichlorvos in the environment. Results show that natural fresh and marine water chemistry promoted Naled degradation as experiments with de-ionized water resulted in half-lives greater than 6 days. The half-life in natural waters without light ranged from 5 to 20 h with lower half lives at higher temperatures. Under light exposure, degradation was accelerated and yielded more dichlorvos. Detectable levels (0.05 μM for Naled and 0.10 μM for dichlorvos) were measured in water samples collected from the field during aerial spray events. Results can be used in risk assessments that consider both Naled and dichlorvos to better understand ecological impacts and to develop improved public health recommendations.

Poor qualitative analysis of Naled necessarily leads to incorrect quantitative analysis

Environ Int 2018 Jun;115:430-432.PMID:29627077DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.009.

This correspondence is in regards to a published article, titled "Prenatal Naled and Chlorpyrifos Exposure is Associated with Deficits in Infant Motor Function in a Cohort of Chinese Infants" Silver et al., Environ Int., 2017 Sep; 106:248-256. Upon careful review of this work we identified some significant issues in the mass spectral analysis of Naled, specifically its identification and quantification. In this communication we address these issues and provide analytical data and rationale to support our criticism of the reported work. We collected mass spectral data for Naled (analytical standard grade) under a variety of mass spectrometric conditions in an attempt to obtain a fragmentation pattern similar to what was reported in Silver et al., 2017. We however, could not reproduce a similar fragmentation pattern under any of the tested experimental conditions. Our results however were in excellent agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, which is a very well established and widely accepted resource for such compounds. This leads us to conclude that Naled was in all probability misidentified in the reported (Silver et al., 2017) study which consequently raises serious questions regarding the quantification of Naled in the blood samples thus placing the whole statistical correlation of Naled as a contributor to impairment of motor function in infants in question.

Degradation of Naled and dichlorvos promoted by reduced sulfur species in well-defined anoxic aqueous solutions

Environ Sci Technol 2006 Feb 1;40(3):778-83.PMID:16509318DOI:10.1021/es051482n.

This work examines the reaction of reduced sulfur species (e.g., bisulfide, thiosulfate, thiophenolate) with Naled, a registered insecticide, in well-defined anoxic aqueous solutions at 5 degrees C. High concentrations of reduced sulfur species can occur in the porewater of sediments and in anoxic subregions of estuaries. The dominanttransformation product from the reaction of Naled with reduced sulfur species is dichlorvos, which indicates that debromination is the major reaction pathway. Dichlorvos is also a registered insecticide which is more toxic than Naled. The second-order rate constants for reaction of Naled with bisulfide and thiophenolate at 5 degrees C are 10.2 +/- 0.4 M(-1) s(-1) and 27.3 +/- 0.9 M(-1) s(-1), respectively, while the second-order rate constant for the reaction of Naled with hydrogen sulfide and thiophenol are not significantly different from zero. The second-order rate constant of the reaction of Naled with thiosulfate at 5 degrees C is 5.0 +/- 0.3 M(-1) s(-1). In contrast, the second-order rate constant of the reaction of dichlorvos with bisulfide at 25 degrees C is (3.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(-3) M(-1) s(-1). The activation parameters of the reaction of Naled with bisulfide were also determined from the measured second-order rate constants over a temperature range. The results indicate that reduced sulfur species can play a very important role in the transformation of Naled and dichlorvos in the coastal marine environment. It can be expected that in the presence of reduced sulfur species, Naled is almost immediately transformed into the more toxic dichlorvos, which has an expected half-life of 4 days to weeks.

Detection of Male Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Susceptibility to Naled- and Fipronil-Intoxicated Methyl Eugenol

J Econ Entomol 2019 Feb 12;112(1):316-323.PMID:30260395DOI:10.1093/jee/toy278.

Naled-intoxicated methyl eugenol (ME) is commonly used to control oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Taiwan. However, non-responsiveness to ME and pesticide resistance in oriental fruit flies may reduce control efficacy. In this study, mark-recapture experiments were used to analyze the effects of naled-intoxicated ME on field and naled-resistant fly strains. ME non-responsiveness was tested in field, naled-resistant, and susceptible strains and pyrosequencing techniques were used to detect frequencies of point mutations on organophosphate resistant alleles in field strains. Finally, the effects of fipronil-intoxicated ME were analyzed to determine whether control efficiency could be enhanced through the use of alternate pesticides. Control efficiency of naled-intoxicated ME was found to be significantly lower in the field and resistant strains compared to the susceptible strain. ME non-responsiveness was found to be 1.7-1.9% in our lab-reared strains (both naled-resistant and susceptible) and 3.4-4.3% in field strains. Results of our pyrosequencing study found frequency of resistant alleles in captured male field flies to be significantly lower than that of the original population, indicating that it is highly probable that resistant flies may escape from traps. Finally, capture rates of naled-resistant flies increased when Naled was replaced with fipronil in attractants, showing that use of pesticides with different modes of action could possibly increase control efficiency of intoxicated ME attractants.