Melamine
(Synonyms: 三聚氰胺) 目录号 : GC38964
Melamine (Cyanuramide, Cyanurotriamide) is a widely-used intermediate, mainly employed as a raw material for producing melamine resin and is a chemical most often found in plastic materials.
Cas No.:108-78-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Melamine (Cyanuramide, Cyanurotriamide) is a widely-used intermediate, mainly employed as a raw material for producing melamine resin and is a chemical most often found in plastic materials.
| Cas No. | 108-78-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 三聚氰胺 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 | ||
| 分子式 | C3H6N6 | 分子量 | 126.12 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 25mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.929 mL | 39.6448 mL | 79.2896 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5858 mL | 7.929 mL | 15.8579 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.7929 mL | 3.9645 mL | 7.929 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Melamine-associated urinary stone
Int J Surg 2016 Dec;36(Pt D):613-617.PMID:27845270DOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.11.012.
The devastating contamination of milk formula with Melamine, which caused havoc in China, happened almost eight years ago. Although most patients with melamine-associated urinary stone were given conservative medical treatment, the impact was not completely eliminated. Extensive studies are needed to assess chronic effects in the affected population. In this review, we describe the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, management and epidemiology; and the need for longer term follow-up of melamine-associated urinary stones.
Melamine toxicity
J Med Toxicol 2010 Mar;6(1):50-5.PMID:20195812DOI:10.1007/s13181-010-0038-1.
Melamine contamination of infant formula in China and its health effects highlight the safety of the global food supply especially as it relates to formula-fed infants. Melamine is a widely used industrial chemical not considered acutely toxic with a high LD(50) in animals. The data available on acute and chronic human exposure to Melamine have been limited and extrapolated from animal data. Pet food contamination in 2004 and 2007 showed stone formation and illness in animals when Melamine was co-ingested with cyanuric acid. The recent outbreak in infants showed that Melamine ingested in large doses may cause stones and illness without significant ingestion of cyanuric acid or other melamine-related chemicals. This may be due to increased uric acid excretion in infants and formation of melamine-uric acid stones. Diagnosis and treatment of infants exposed to Melamine requires further study. Clinical signs and symptoms in infants are nonspecific. The stones may be radiolucent and are not consistently seen on ultrasound. The use of alkalinization of the urine for treatment has been proposed, but is of unproven benefit. The FDA and other regulatory agencies have recommended acceptable levels of Melamine in foods for consumption. Melamine ingestion has been implicated in stone formation when co-ingested with cyanuric acid, but will cause urinary stones in infants when large amounts of Melamine alone are ingested.
Melamine contamination
Anal Bioanal Chem 2009 Oct;395(3):729-35.PMID:19669733DOI:10.1007/s00216-009-3009-0.
In the summer of 2008, serious illnesses and deaths of babies in China were linked to melamine-tainted powdered infant formula. Melamine contains several metabolites, such as ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid, and has been used for the adulteration of foods or milk to increase their apparent protein content. It is assumed that Melamine and its metabolites are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and precipitate in the kidney to form crystals. A new tolerable daily intake of 0.2 mg kg(-1) body weight was adapted by the World Health Organization in 2008. This paper reviews the variety of analytical methods that have been used for the analysis of Melamine in food. The limit of detection of these various methods is 0.05-100 ppm. The maximum acceptable concentration in food has been set at 50 ppb by the US FDA. A fast and ultrasensitive procedure for screening, detection, and characterization of Melamine and its derivative compounds needs to be established. Currently, mass-spectrometry technologies provide an alternative to derivatization for regulatory analysis of food.
Melamine contamination and associated health risks: Gut microbiota does make a difference
Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021 Dec;68(6):1271-1280.PMID:33047397DOI:10.1002/bab.2050.
Melamine is a nitrogenous organic compound containing high amounts of nitrogen, which is interpreted as high protein in various standard protein measuring tests, therefore added to foods to boost the protein content. Illegal addition of Melamine has been in practice by food manufacturers, which leads to toxicity and stone formation in kidneys of individuals consuming melamine-contaminated milk products. A focused and thorough structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed researches reported in the literature was carried out with a focused attention on Melamine contamination, associated health risks, and the role of gut microbiota. The overall outcomes of the research and review articles pertaining to searched keywords along with analysis of the interventions have been described employing a deductive qualitative content analysis approach. Current review focuses on the various health risks associated with consumption of melamine-contaminated foods and the need to develop better and effective methods for its testing. Moreover, the importance of gut microbiota in mediating toxicity due to Melamine has also been discussed as there is a link between toxicity and activities of gut microbiota.
Melamine-contaminated milk formula and its impact on children
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016 Dec;25(4):697-705.PMID:27702712DOI:10.6133/apjcn.072016.01.
The Melamine contaminated milk powder contamination scandal occurred in China in 2008. Its main consequences so far have been urinary stone formation in children with associated renal damage and increased child mortality. Eight years have passed, but food safety issues still remain of concern in the daily lives of millions of Chinese. Vigilance is required to ensure no recurrence of such food safety problems. Ongoing studies focus on the early detection of food industry malpractice, mechanisms whereby these toxic substances induce disease and how its advent may be prevented and better managed. Melamine undergoes renal excretion, but is metabolized slowly and excreted largely unchanged in the urine. Urinary Melamine measurement may provide a rapid and inexpensive way to identify exposure to Melamine adulterated food items. Although most patients with melaminerelated urinary stones (MUS) have been responsive to conservative treatment, longer time follow-up is needed to assess chronic effects. Aside from MUS, Melamine is a recognized carcinogen and can induce urinary tract tumours. Very little is known about the effects of excessive exposure to Melamine contaminated milk powder in infants on growth, adolescent and adult health, although short-term effects have become apparent during the scandal.