Lidorestat
(Synonyms: 利多司他,IDD-676) 目录号 : GC38810
Lidorestat (IDD-676) 是一种有效的，选择性的，口服活性的醛糖还原酶 (aldose reductase) 抑制剂，IC50 为 5 nM。Lidorestat 可用于治疗慢性糖尿病并发症。Lidorestat 还可改善神经传导并减少白内障形成。
Cas No.:245116-90-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Lidorestat (IDD-676) is a potent, selective and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. Lidorestat can be used to treat chronic diabetes complications. Lidorestat also improves nerve conduction and reduces cataract formation[1][2][3].
From in vitro experiments, Lidorestat has a reported IC50 against recombinant human aldose reductase (/h/-ALR2) of 5 μM. Against recombinant human aldehyde reductase (/h/-ALR1), Lidorestat has a reported IC50 of 27,000 μM, yielding a selectivity of /h/-ALR1//h/-ALR2 of 5400:1[1][2].
Lidorestat (25 mg/kg/day; oral administration; twice daily; for 6 weeks; diabetic mice) treatment decreases fructose and reduces mortality in diabetic hAR-expressing mice. And Lidorestat does not affect weight[1]. Animal Model: Diabetic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient [Ldlr(-/-)] mice[1]
[1]. Noh HL, et al. Regulation of plasma fructose and mortality in mice by the aldose reductase inhibitor lidorestat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Feb;328(2):496-503. [2]. Van Zandt MC, et al. Discovery of 3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (lidorestat) and congeners as highly potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase for treatment of chronic diabetic complications. J Med Chem. 2005 May 5;48(9):3141-52. [3]. Maccari R, et al. Identification of new non-carboxylic acid containing inhibitors of aldose reductase. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jun 1;18(11):4049-55.
| Cas No. | 245116-90-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 利多司他,IDD-676 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC(CN1C(C=CC=C2)=C2C(CC3=NC(C(F)=C(F)C=C4F)=C4S3)=C1)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C18H11F3N2O2S | 分子量 | 376.35 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: ≥ 250 mg/mL (664.28 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.6571 mL | 13.2855 mL | 26.571 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5314 mL | 2.6571 mL | 5.3142 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2657 mL | 1.3286 mL | 2.6571 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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2.
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Updates on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for Management of Diabetic Complications and Non-diabetic Diseases
Mini Rev Med Chem 2016;16(2):120-62.PMID:26349493DOI:10.2174/1389557515666150909143737.
Diabetes mellitus occurrence has been associated to the modification of the physiological levels of glucose and is often accompanied by several long-term complications, namely neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, and cardiovascular. Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme of aldoketo reductase super-family that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. In this context, aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have received much attention worldwide. Decreased sorbitol flux through polyol pathway by ARIs could be an emerging target for the management of major complications of diabetes. The present review article describes a brief overview of the role of aldose reductase in the diabetic complications, advances achieved on ARIs and their potential use in the treatment and management of the major diabetic complications such as cataract, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular. The ARIs developed vary structurally, and representative structural classes of ARIs include i) carboxylic acid derivatives (such as Epalrestat, Alrestatin, Zopalrestat, Zenarestat, Ponalrestat, Lidorestat, and Tolrestat), ii) spirohydantoins and related cyclic amides (such as Sorbinil, Minalrestat, and Fidarestat), and iii) phenolic derivatives (related to Benzopyran-4-one and Chalcone). Among these inhibitors, Epalrestat is the only commercially available inhibitor till date. In addition, some other ARIs such as Sorbinil and Ranirestat had been advanced into late stage of clinical trials and found to be safe for human use. The role of various natural ARIs in management of diabetic complications will be discussed. Adapting ARIs could prevent sepsis complications, prevent angiogenesis, ameliorate mild or asymptomatic diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and appear to be a promising strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia and other ROS-induced inflammatory diseases. The role of ARIs in non-diabetic diseases will also be discussed.
Regulation of plasma fructose and mortality in mice by the aldose reductase inhibitor Lidorestat
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009 Feb;328(2):496-503.PMID:18974362DOI:10.1124/jpet.108.136283.
Aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme widely believed to be involved in the aberrant metabolism of glucose and development of diabetic complications, is expressed at low levels in the mouse. We studied whether expression of human AR (hAR), its inhibition with Lidorestat, which is an AR inhibitor (ARI), and the presence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes altered plasma fructose, mortality, and/or vascular lesions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient [Ldlr(-/-)] mice. Mice were made diabetic at 12 weeks of age with low-dose STZ treatment. Four weeks later, the diabetic animals (glucose > 20 mM) were blindly assigned to a 0.15% cholesterol diet with or without ARI. After 4 and 6 weeks, there were no significant differences in body weights or plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels between the groups. Diabetic Ldlr(-/-) mice receiving ARI had plasma fructose levels of 5.2 +/- 2.3 microg/ml; placebo-treated mice had plasma fructose levels of 12.08 +/- 7.4 microg/ml, p < 0.01, despite the induction of fructose-metabolizing enzymes, fructose kinase and adolase B. After 6 weeks, hAR/Ldlr(-/-) mice on the placebo-containing diet had greater mortality (31%, n = 9/26 versus 6%, n = 1/21, p < 0.05). The mortality rate in the ARI-treated group was similar to that in non-hAR-expressing mice. Therefore, diabetic hAR-expressing mice had increased fructose and greater mortality that was corrected by inclusion of Lidorestat, an ARI, in the diet. If similar effects are found in humans, such treatment could improve clinical outcome in diabetic patients.
Discovery of 3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (Lidorestat) and congeners as highly potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase for treatment of chronic diabetic complications
J Med Chem 2005 May 5;48(9):3141-52.PMID:15857120DOI:10.1021/jm0492094.
Recent efforts to identify treatments for chronic diabetic complications have resulted in the discovery of a novel series of highly potent and selective 3-[(benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-alkanoic acid aldose reductase inhibitors. The lead candidate, 3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (Lidorestat, 9) inhibits aldose reductase with an IC(50) of 5 nM, while being 5400 times less active against aldehyde reductase, a related enzyme involved in the detoxification of reactive aldehydes. It lowers nerve and lens sorbitol levels with ED(50)'s of 1.9 and 4.5 mg/kg/d po, respectively, in the 5-day STZ-induced diabetic rat model. In a 3-month diabetic intervention model (1 month of diabetes followed by 2 months of drug treatment at 5 mg/kg/d po), it normalizes polyols and reduces the motor nerve conduction velocity deficit by 59% relative to diabetic controls. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile (F, 82%; t(1/2), 5.6 h; Vd, 0.694 L/kg) with good drug penetration in target tissues (C(max) in sciatic nerve and eye are 2.36 and 1.45 mug equiv/g, respectively, when dosed with [(14)C]Lidorestat at 10 mg/kg po).
High glucose concentration suppresses a SIRT2 regulated pathway that enhances neurite outgrowth in cultured adult sensory neurons
Exp Neurol 2018 Nov;309:134-147.PMID:30102915DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.08.001.
In peripheral nerve under hyperglycemic conditions high flux of d-glucose through the polyol pathway drives an aberrant redox state contributing to neurodegeneration in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Sirtuins, including SIRT2, detect the redox state via the NAD+/NADH ratio to regulate mitochondrial function via, in part, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α). In adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as an etiological factor in dying-back neuropathy in diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that a high concentration of d-glucose depleted SIRT2 expression via enhancement of polyol pathway activity. We posited that this would lead to impaired mitochondrial function and suppression of neurite outgrowth in cultured sensory neurons. The use of dominant negative mutants or neurons from SIRT2 knockout (KO) mice to block SIRT2 signaling revealed that neurons derived from control or type 1 diabetic rodents required SIRT2 for optimal neurite outgrowth. Over-expression of WT-SIRT2 elevated neurite outgrowth in normal and diabetic cultures. SIRT2 protein isoforms 2.1 and 2.2 were reduced by 20-30% in DRG of type 1 diabetic mice (p < .05). After 72 h exposure to high d-glucose (25 mM vs 5 mM) cultured sensory neurons showed a significant 2-fold (p < .05) decrease in SIRT2 expression, P-AMPK, levels of respiratory Complexes II/III and respiratory capacity. DRG neurons expressed aldose reductase and the aforementioned deficits were prevented by treatment with aldose reductase inhibitors (Lidorestat or sorbinil) or sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDI-158). In cultures derived from type 1 diabetic rats treatment with SDI-158 elevated expression of SIRT2, P-AMPK/PGC-1α and neurite outgrowth (p < .05). SIRT2 KO neurons exhibited deficits in the LKB-1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and mitochondrial function. In cultured neurons the SIRT2 pathway enhances axonal outgrowth and this signaling axis encompassing activation of AMPK/PGC-1α is impaired in DSPN, in part, due to enhanced polyol pathway activity caused by hyperglycemia.
Prevention of sensory disorders in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats by aldose reductase inhibition or treatment with ciliary neurotrophic factor
Diabetologia 2004 Apr;47(4):718-24.PMID:15298349DOI:10.1007/s00125-004-1354-2.
Aims/hypothesis: Sensory neuropathy in diabetic patients frequently presents itself as progressive loss of thermal perception, while some patients describe concurrent spontaneous pain, allodynia or hyperalgesia. Diabetic rats develop thermal hypoalgesia and tactile allodynia by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether sensory disorders in rats were related to glucose metabolism by aldose reductase. We also explored the therapeutic potential of exogenous neurotrophic factors. Methods: Behavioural assessments of thermal and tactile sensitivity were performed in normal rats and in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Some of the rats were treated with insulin, aldose reductase inhibitors, ciliary neurotrophic factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Results: Thermal hypoalgesia was present after 8 weeks of diabetes and was prevented by insulin treatment, which maintained normoglycaemia, by the aldose reductase inhibitor Statil or by ciliary neurotrophic factor. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor did not have an effect. When diabetic rats were tested after shorter durations of diabetes, they showed transient thermal hyperalgesia after 4 weeks which progressed to thermal hypoalgesia after 8 weeks. The aldose reductase inhibitor IDD 676 (Lidorestat), given from the onset of diabetes, prevented the development of thermal hyperalgesia and also stopped progression to thermal hypoalgesia when delivered in the last 4 weeks of an 8-week period of diabetes. Tactile allodynia was not prevented by neurotrophic factor or aldose reductase inhibitor treatment. Conclusions/interpretation: Transient thermal hyperalgesia and subsequent progressive thermal hypoalgesia occur in diabetic rats secondary to exaggerated flux through the polyol pathway. A depletion of ciliary neurotrophic factor mediated by the polyol pathway may be involved in the aetiology of thermal hypoalgesia.