Harpagide
(Synonyms: 哈巴苷) 目录号 : GC38416
Harpagide是一种从 Scrophularia cryptophila 中分离出来的一类鸢尾糖苷，具有抗寄生虫活性，对 T.b. rhodesiense 具有良好的体外锥虫杀虫活性，IC50 为 21 μg/mL，Harpagide 对 L. donovani 的 IC50 值为 2.0 μg/mL。Harpagide 还具有重要的抗炎活性。
Cas No.:6926-08-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Harpagide is a class of iridoid glycoside isolated from Scrophularia cryptophila and has antiparasitic activity, which exhibits good in vitro trypanocidal activities against African trypanosomes (T.b. rhodesiense) with an IC50 of 21 μg/mL. Harpagide exerts significant antileishmanial activity against L. donovani with an IC50 value of 2.0 μg/mL. Harpagide also possess significant anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Harpagide shows cytotoxic activity over 50% in a concentration of 90 μg/mL, Harpagide on the A431 and HeLa cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of Harpagide on the MCF7 cell line in a concentration of 90 μg/mL[3].
[1]. Tasdemir D, et al. Evaluation of antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of the resin glycosides and the other metabolites of Scrophularia cryptophila. Phytomedicine. 2008 Mar;15(3):209-15. [2]. Zhang L, et al. Effects of β-glucosidase hydrolyzed products of harpagide and harpagoside on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Aug 15;19(16):4882-6. [3]. HÁznagy-Radnai E, et al. Cytotoxic activities of Stachys species. Fitoterapia. 2008 Dec;79(7-8):595-7.
| Cas No. | 6926-08-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 哈巴苷 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@]([H])(O[C@@H]2OC=C[C@]3(O)[C@@]2([H])[C@](O)(C)C[C@H]3O)O[C@@H]1CO | ||
| 分子式 | C15H24O10 | 分子量 | 364.35 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.7446 mL | 13.7231 mL | 27.4461 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7446 mL | 5.4892 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2745 mL | 1.3723 mL | 2.7446 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Harpagide: Occurrence in plants and biological activities - A review
Fitoterapia 2020 Nov;147:104764.PMID:33122133DOI:10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104764.
In this review article, the occurrence of Harpagide in the plant kingdom and its associated biological activities are presented and detailed for the first time. The presence of Harpagide has been reported in several botanical families within Asteridae, and Harpagide has been observed to exert a wide number of biological activities such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective. These results show how Harpagide can be recovered from several natural sources for several pharmacological purposes even if there is a lot to still be studied. Nowadays, the interest is related to its presence in phytomedicines. Threfore, these studies are useful to support and validate the large use of several plants in the folklore medicine.
Harpagide alleviate neuronal apoptosis and blood-brain barrier leakage by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Angiotensin II-induced microglial activation in vitro
Chem Biol Interact 2021 Oct 1;348:109653.PMID:34516974DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109653.
Angiotensin II, the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, is not only a pivotal peptide implicated in the regulation of blood pressure but also a key mediator of the inflammatory processes that play an important role in the pathology of hypertension-related cSVD. Harpagide is the major bioactive constituent of Scrophulariae Radix widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for numerous diseases including hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Harpagide on Ang II-induced neuroinflammation and the potential mechanism. Pretreated with Harpagide or resatorvid (the TLR4 pathway inhibitor), BV2 cells were treated with Ang II or LPS (the TLR4 activator). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, the proteins on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of CD86, CD206, TREM2 in BV2 cells were detected respectively. Subsequently, the effects of Harpagide on neurotoxicity and BBB destruction triggered by Ang II-induced neuroinflammation were investigated in the co-cultures of BV2 microglia/HT22 hippocampal neurons, BV2 microglia/bEnd.3 endotheliocyte and BV2 microglia/BBB monolayer model. We found that Ang II converted microglia into M1 state and resulted in neuroinflammation through activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. It also triggered the imbalance of TLR4/TREM2 in microglia. Ang II-mediated inflammation microglia further led to neuronal apoptosis and BBB damage. Harpagide showed the effect of alleviating Ang II-mediated neuroinflammation as well as the resulting neurotoxicity and BBB destruction through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of Harpagide suggested that it might be a potential therapeutic strategy in hypertensive cSVD.
Harpagide exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via SERCA following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury
Neurosci Lett 2021 May 14;753:135874.PMID:33812930DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135874.
Cerebrovascular diseases endanger human health, and the physiological and pathological processes of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) are critical for the occurrence of these diseases and as targets for their treatment. Here, we evaluated the effects of harpagide-mediated pharmacological and genetic inhibition of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in vitro in PC12 cells. The molecular mechanism by which Harpagide protects PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury was investigated by evaluating the cell survival rate with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, assessing apoptosis by flow cytometry, determining the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and measuring the expression of proteins related to SERCA and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by Western blotting. The results revealed that Harpagide significantly decreased thapsigargin (TG)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, downregulated the expression of ERS-related markers, considerably improved the TG-induced expression of SERCA-related proteins and reduced the [Ca2+]i, suggesting that Harpagide effectively inhibited ERS directly. Moreover, Harpagide did not significantly reduce OGD/R-induced apoptosis but increased the expression of ERS markers in PC12/SERCA- cells, indicating that Harpagide targets SERCA to protect against CIRI by suppressing ERS-mediated apoptosis.
Harpagide from Scrophularia protects rat cortical neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced injury by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress
J Ethnopharmacol 2020 May 10;253:112614.PMID:32007630DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112614.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Harpagide is the main ingredient in Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl which is used for the therapeutic purpose of treating encephalopathy. Harpagide has shown promise in the treatment of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Aim of study: In this study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of Harpagide on rat cortical neurons under OGD/R conditions that induce the development of ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). Materials and methods: To explore the biological function of Harpagide in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), The CIRI model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) on rat cortical neurons. It tested cell survival rate by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry, intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+] i by cofocal laser, and expressions related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: We found that pretreatment with Harpagide (50 μM) prevented OGD/R-induced apoptotic cell death. Harpagide also significantly decreased the gene expression levels and protein production of ERS-related proteins. We found that Harpagide also exerted a neuroprotective effect on TG-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons and decreased the gene expression levels and protein production of GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP. We also measured the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neurons and found that Harpagide significantly decreased the [Ca2+]i induced by OGD/R and TG. Conclusion: These results suggest that Harpagide protects against OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis, likely by decreasing ERS. Collectively, Harpagide was demonstrated to be a prominent suppressor of ERS and prevented the apoptosis of rat cortical neurons. Based on the results, Harpagide could potentially serve as a therapeutic agent of ischaemia-like injury associated with excessive ERS and apoptosis.
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data
Phytother Res 2019 Sep;33(9):2152-2162.PMID:31273865DOI:10.1002/ptr.6395.
Devil's Claw is a traditional medicine that has been long used a wide range of health conditions, including indigestion, fever, allergic reactions, and rheumatism. The main compounds are iridoid glycosides, including harpagoside, Harpagide, and procumbide. However, harpagoside is the most responsible for therapeutic activity, and its content is used as reference standard. Here, we analyzed and summarized preclinical and clinical studies focusing on therapeutic efficacy of devil's claw preparations in pathological conditions in which inflammation plays a key causative role.