Etomoxir
(Synonyms: 乙莫克舍,R-(+)-Etomoxir,Etomoxir) 目录号 : GC16736Etomoxir ((R)-(+)-Etomoxir) 是肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1a (CPT-1a) 的不可逆抑制剂,通过 CPT-1a 抑制脂肪酸氧化 (FAO) 并抑制人、大鼠中的棕榈酸酯 β-氧化和豚鼠。
Cas No.:124083-20-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines |
Rat heart H9c2 myoblastic cells |
Preparation method |
This compound is soluble in DMSO. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
Reacting condition |
1-80 μM; 2 h |
Applications |
In rat heart H9c2 myoblastic cells, Etomoxir concentration-dependently reduced [1-14C]oleic acid incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) and cardiolipin (CL). In contrast, etomoxir increased [1,3-3H]glycerol incorporation into CL. |
Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models |
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model |
Dosage form |
15 mg/kg i.p.; days 8 and 15 |
Application |
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, Etomoxir reduced disease severity and the inflammatory response. Etomoxir-treated mice displayed a reduced immune cell infiltration in the CNS with few macrophages, activated microglia, or T cells present. Etomoxir also reduced inflammation and demyelination in the CNS. |
Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
References: [1]. Xu FY1, Taylor WA, Hurd JA, et al. Etomoxir mediates differential metabolic channeling of fatty acid and glycerol precursors into cardiolipin in H9c2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2003 Feb;44(2):415-23. Epub 2002 Nov 4. [2] Shriver LP1, Manchester M. Inhibition of fatty acid metabolism ameliorates disease activity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2011;1:79. |
Etomoxir ((R)-(+)-Etomoxir) is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a), inhibits fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through CPT-1a and inhibits palmitate β-oxidation in human, rat and guinea pig.
Etomoxir binds irreversibly to the catalytic site of CPT-1 inhibiting its activity, but also upregulates fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Etomoxir is developed as an inhibitor of the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Etomoxir, in the liver can act as peroxisomal proliferator, increasing DNA synthesis and liver growth. Thus, etomoxir, in addition of being a CPT1 inhibitor could be considered as a PPARalpha agonist[1]. Etomoxir is a member of the oxirane carboxylic acid carnitine palmitoyl transferase I inhibitors and has been suggested as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of heart failure. Acute Etomoxir treatment irreversibly inhibits the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. As a result, fatty acid import into the mitochondria and β-oxidation is reduced, whereas cytosolic fatty acid accumulates and glucose oxidation is elevated. Prolonged incubation (24 h) with Etomoxir produces diverse effects on the expression of several metabolic enzyme[2].
Etomoxir is an inhibitor of free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation-related key enzyme CPT1. P53 interacts directly with Bax, which is inhibited by Etomoxir, further confirming the direct interaction of P53 and Bax, and the involvement of FAO-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation in db/db mice[3]. Rats are injected daily with Etomoxir, a specific CPT-I inhibitor, for 8 days at 20 mg/kg of body mass. Etomoxir-treated rats display a 44% reduced cardiac CPT-I activity. The treatment of Lewis rats for 8 days with 20 mg/kg Etomoxir does not alter blood glucose, which is in line with comparable etomoxir-feeding studies. Similarly, Etomoxir feeding does not affect general growth characteristics such as gain in body mass, nor does it affect hindlimb muscle mass. However, heart mass and liver mass are both significantly increased by 11% in Etomoxir-treated rats[4].
References:
[1]. Rupp H, et al. The use of partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitors for metabolic therapy of angina pectoris and heart failure. Herz. 2002 Nov;27(7):621-36.
[2]. Xu FY, et al. Etomoxir mediates differential metabolic channeling of fatty acid and glycerol precursors into cardiolipin in H9c2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2003 Feb;44(2):415-23.
[3]. Li J, et al. FFA-ROS-P53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis contributes to reduction of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 31;5:12724.
[4]. Luiken JJ, et al. Etomoxir-induced partial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) inhibition in vivo does not alter cardiac long-chain fatty acid uptake and oxidation rates. Biochem J. 2009 Apr 15;419(2):447-55.
[5]. O'Connor RS, et al. The CPT1a inhibitor, etomoxir induces severe oxidative stress at commonly used concentrations. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 19;8(1):6289.
Cas No. | 124083-20-1 | SDF | |
别名 | 乙莫克舍,R-(+)-Etomoxir,Etomoxir | ||
化学名 | ethyl (2R)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate | ||
Canonical SMILES | CCOC(=O)C1(CO1)CCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl | ||
分子式 | C17H23ClO4 | 分子量 | 326.82 |
溶解度 | ≥ 32.7 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥ 109.6 mg/mL in EtOH, ≥ 48.3 mg/mL in Water with gentle warming | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen |
General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C 储存时,请在 6 个月内使用,-20°C 储存时,请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度,请将管子加热至37℃,然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案:配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸:配备RT,或根据请求配备蓝冰。 |
制备储备液 | |||
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.0598 mL | 15.2989 mL | 30.5979 mL |
5 mM | 0.612 mL | 3.0598 mL | 6.1196 mL |
10 mM | 0.306 mL | 1.5299 mL | 3.0598 mL |
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量) | ||||||||||
给药剂量 | mg/kg | 动物平均体重 | g | 每只动物给药体积 | ul | 动物数量 | 只 | |||
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶于水的药物;不同批次药物配方比例不同,请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方) | ||||||||||
% DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
计算重置 |
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/ml;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL,
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL saline,混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的;
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入,进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液,可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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