AQ-RA 741

AQ-RA 741 is a potent and selective M2 antagonist, with high affinity for cardiac M2 sites (pKi = 8.30) [1].

The M2 muscarinic receptor subtype is involved in the regulation of heart rate, mediating muscarinic receptor-dependent movement, antinociceptive responses and temperature control [2].

In radioligand binding studies, the affinity of AQ-RA 741 for cardiac M2 sites, cortical M1 sites and grandular M3 sites are of pKi values of 8.30, 7.70 and 6.82, respectively. That means AQ-RA 741 showed high affinity for cardiac M2 sites, compared to that for cortical M1 sites and grandular M3 sites. Functional studies showed that AQ-RA 741 is a competitive antagonist. It has a 60 to 87-fold higher affinity to bind cardiac muscarinic receptors than to bind muscarinic receptors in tracheal, intestinal or bladder smooth muscle [1].

M2 selectivity of AQ-RA 741 was also confirmed by in vivo experiments. In rats, guinea-pigs and cats, vagally or agonist-induced bradycardia (?log ID50 = 7.24–7.53 i.v.) were preferentially inhibited by AQ-RA 741. The ratio range of observed potencies between effects mediated by cardiac and other muscarinic receptor was between 9- and greater than 100-fold. These results concluded that AQ-RA 741 is of remarkable in vivo selectivity as a potent and selective M2 antagonist [1].

References:
[1].  Doods H, Entzeroth M and Mayer N. Cardioselectivity of AQ-RA 741, a novel tricyclic antimuscarinic drug. Eur J Pharmacol, 1991, 192(1):147-52.
[2].  Gomeza J, Shannon H, Kostenis E, et al. Pronounced pharmacologic deficits in M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1999, 96(4):1692-7.