(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)
(Synonyms: 肾上腺素盐酸盐) 目录号 : GC41670
(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)是一种肾上腺素能受体激动剂，在低剂量时，主要激活β受体，增强支气管扩张和心脏活动；而在高剂量时，(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)会与α受体结合，引起血管收缩并增加血管张力。
Cas No.:329-63-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) is an adrenergic receptor agonist that, at low doses, primarily activates β receptors to enhance bronchodilation and cardiac activity, while at high doses (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) binds to α receptors, inducing vasoconstriction and increasing vascular tension[1].
In vitro, (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (100μM; 4h) stimulates the secretion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from type II cells of embryonic chickens at all stages[2]. (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (55-550μM; 3 days) inhibited the growth of trabecular meshwork cells in a dose-dependent manner[3].
In vivo, (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (1mg/kg/5μl; 0.5-60min) prolonged the localization of lidocaine applied to the mucosa and inhibited its absorption into the bloodstream of rats[4]. Low and medium doses of (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (0.04, 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg; 10min; i.v.) were more optimal for CPR in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model[5].
References:
[1] Dalal R, Grujic D. Epinephrine. 2024 Nov 23. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.
[2] Sullivan LC, Orgeig S. Dexamethasone and epinephrine stimulate surfactant secretion in type II cells of embryonic chickens. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):R770-7.
[3] Kawa JE, Higginbotham EJ, Chang IL, et al. Effects of antiglaucoma medications on bovine trabecular meshwork cells in vitro. Exp Eye Res. 1993 Nov;57(5):557-65.
[4] Sasaki R, Sunada K. Effect of epinephrine on the absorption of lidocaine following application to the oral mucosa in rats. BMC Oral Health. 2021 Jul 1;21(1):327.
[5] Chen MH, Lu JY, Xie L, et al. What is the optimal dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model? Am J Emerg Med. 2010 Mar;28(3):284-90.
(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)是一种肾上腺素能受体激动剂，在低剂量时，主要激活β受体，增强支气管扩张和心脏活动；而在高剂量时，(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)会与α受体结合，引起血管收缩并增加血管张力[1]。
在体外实验中，(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)（100μM; 4小时）可刺激胚胎鸡II型细胞在所有阶段分泌磷脂酰胆碱（PC）[2]。(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)（55-550μM; 3天）以剂量依赖性方式抑制小梁网细胞的生长[3]。
在体内实验中，(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)（1mg/kg/5μl; 0.5-60分钟）延长了应用于大鼠黏膜的利多卡因的定位时间，并抑制其吸收进入血液循环[4]。在大鼠窒息性心脏骤停模型中，低剂量和中等剂量的(±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride)（0.04, 0.2和0.4mg/kg; 10分钟; 静脉注射）更适合心肺复苏（CPR）[5]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | bovine trabecular meshwork cells |
Preparation Method | Forty thousand bovine trabecular meshwork cells were plated into each well of a 12-well Corning tissue culture plate. After 24h, growth medium containing (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (55-550μM) was added, and the cells were treated for 3 days. Cultures without drug treatment served as controls. |
Reaction Conditions | 55-550μM; 3 days |
Applications | (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) (55-550μM; 3 days) inhibited the growth of trabecular meshwork cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats |
Preparation Method | Rat cardiac arrest was induced via asphyxia. Cardiac arrest was determined by the disappearance of arterial pulsations on intravascular pressure monitors, a mean aortic blood pressure of less than 10mmHg, and the presence of ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity, or asystole. The changes in cardiac arrest rhythm were observed and recorded at the end of asphyxia. The animals were prospectively randomized into 4 groups (n = 10/group): the saline group (treated with normal saline, 1mL i.v.), low-dose (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) group (treated with (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride), 0.04mg/kg i.v.), medium-dose (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) group (treated with epinephrine, 0.2mg/kg i.v.), or high-dose (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) group (treated with (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride), 0.4mg/kg i.v.). At the end of 10min of asphyxia, the corresponding drugs were administered to each group in a blinded fashion, and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated, with each drug being administered at the same time (the drug was given only once at this point in all groups). Ventilation was performed using a small animal ventilator, with a respiratory rate of 70 breaths per minute and a tidal volume adjusted to 6mL/kg. Chest compressions were performed using a pneumatically driven mechanical chest compressor developed by us. The compression rate was maintained at 180/min with equal compression-relaxation duration. The compression depth was about 30% of the anteroposterior chest diameter at maximal compression. This mechanical chest compressor ensured that chest compressions were the same for all animals. Return of spontaneous circulation was defined as the return of supraventricular rhythm with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20mmHg or higher for a minimum of 5min. If spontaneous circulation was not restored within 10min, resuscitation efforts were discontinued. |
Dosage form | 0.04, 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg; 10min; i.v. |
Applications | Low and medium doses of (±)-Epinephrine (hydrochloride) were more optimal for CPR in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest mode. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 329-63-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 肾上腺素盐酸盐 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=C(O)C=CC(C(O)CNC)=C1.Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C9H13NO3•HCl | 分子量 | 219.7 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 20 mg/ml,DMSO: 20 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.5517 mL | 22.7583 mL | 45.5166 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9103 mL | 4.5517 mL | 9.1033 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4552 mL | 2.2758 mL | 4.5517 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
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