Skimmin
(Synonyms: 茵芋苷; Umbelliferone glucoside) 目录号 : GC37647
Skimmin (Umbelliferone glucoside) 是存在于圆锥绣球中的香豆素类物质，可抑制免疫复合物的沉积，具有抗炎活性。
Cas No.:93-39-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Skimmin (Umbelliferone glucoside) is a coumarin found in Hydrangea paniculata, inhibits immune complex deposition, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
[1]. Zhang S, et al. Skimmin, a Coumarin from Hydrangea paniculata, Slows down the Progression of Membranous Glomerulonephritis by Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Inhibiting Immune Complex Deposition. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:819296.
| Cas No. | 93-39-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 茵芋苷; Umbelliferone glucoside | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C=CC2=CC=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)O)O)O)C=C2O1 | ||
| 分子式 | C15H16O8 | 分子量 | 324.28 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.0838 mL | 15.4188 mL | 30.8375 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6168 mL | 3.0838 mL | 6.1675 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3084 mL | 1.5419 mL | 3.0838 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Skimmin protects diabetic cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021 Feb;37(2):136-144.PMID:33128488DOI:10.1002/kjm2.12305.
Skimmin, a natural coumarin derivate, has been showed to be protective against experimental diabetic nephropathy; however, its protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is not clarified. By using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated Skimmin's protective effect on impaired heart tissues in DCM. DCM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) using Sprague Dawley rats, and diabetic rats were treated with either Skimmin (15 or 30 mg/kg) or the vehicle for 16 weeks, and normal rats were used as a control. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to evaluate the cardiac histopathology, and the oxidative stress and proinflammation cytokines in heart tissues were measured. The protein levels of key mediators in fibrosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in heart tissues were investigated using western blotting. In vitro, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with Skimmin (2 and 10 μM) under stimulation by high glucose (30 mM) and low glucose (5 mM) respectively, and the molecular mechanisms on pyroptosis and autophagy were studied. Compared to the vehicle-treated DCM group, Skimmin treatment significantly improved the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of the left ventricle and reduced the oxidative stress by increasing the glutathione level and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Skimmin also reduced cardiac fibrosis, and decreased proinflammation cytokines in cardiac tissues. Mechanism studies showed Skimmin may enhance the autophagy and ameliorate NLRP3 inflammasome activation to play a protective role in DCM. This study, for the first time, indicates that Skimmin might be a promising lead compound for DCM.
Skimmin Improves Insulin Resistance via Regulating the Metabolism of Glucose: In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Front Pharmacol 2020 Apr 29;11:540.PMID:32425786DOI:10.3389/fphar.2020.00540.
Skimmin is the major pharmacologically active component present in Hydrangea paniculata, in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, and its anti-inflammation and anti-diabetic effect has had been studied in previous studies. The metabolism of glucose plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Therefore, it was identified as an important target for improving diabetic. Herein, we found that Skimmin relieved the palmitic acid and high-fat and high sugar-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, Skimmin enhanced the glucose uptake via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the level of inflammatory correlation factor. Meanwhile, Skimmin reduced the glucose output by promoting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and down-regulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In conclusion, Skimmin can improve the insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and decreasing glucose output in vitro and in vivo.
Skimmin ameliorates cardiac function via the regulation of M2 macrophages in a myocardial infarction mouse model
Perfusion 2022 May 9;2676591221100742.PMID:35532100DOI:10.1177/02676591221100742.
Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a coronary artery disorder with several complications, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis. The current study is aimed to explore the protective effect of Skimmin (SKI) on impaired heart tissues in MI. Methods: A mouse model of MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. SKI was intragastric administration for 7 days after MI. Masson staining was then conducted to measure the area of fibrosis in the myocardium. The expression levels of collagen I and collagen III were analyzed using Western blot. The levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory factor were also detected. The expression of M1 polarization markers and M2 polarization markers in mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Finally, the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro were analyzed using transwell and EDU, respectively. Results: SKI improved cardiac function and cardiac fibrosis in mice with MI. SKI also decreased collagen I and collagen III expression, and inhibited inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. SKI decreased the levels of MDA and increased the levels of GSH and SOD. Meanwhile, SKI could promote M2 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. SKI could also repress the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Conclusions: SKI may ameliorate inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis of MI by promoting M2 polarization.
Simultaneous determination of Skimmin, apiosylskimmin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetics
Biomed Chromatogr 2022 Jan;36(1):e5223.PMID:34350591DOI:10.1002/bmc.5223.
The effective fraction of coumarin glycosides from Hydrangea paniculata Sieb (HP) has been under development for the treatment of chronic kidney disease for years. Skimmin and apiosylskimmin are the main coumarin glycosides of HP, and the major metabolites in rats are 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7-HCG). In this study, a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Skimmin, apiosylskimmin, 7-HC and 7-HCG in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Zobax SB C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min with a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid. Skimmin, apiosylskimmin and 7-HCG were detected in targeted-selected-ion-monitoring mode at positive ions m/z of 325.0911, 457.1331 and 339.0703, respectively. 7-HC and the internal standard were detected in parallel-reaction-monitoring mode at m/z 163.0387 → 119.0492 and 260.1641 → 116.1071 to overcome the carryover of 7-HC. Linearity was obtained for the analytes within the ranges 20-2,000 ng/ml for Skimmin, 5-500 ng/ml for apiosylskimmin and 7-HC and 100-10,000 ng/ml for 7-HCG. Validation parameters were all in line with the criteria of international guidance. The method has been applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HP in rats.
Determination and pharmacokinetic study of Skimmin by UHPLC-MS/MS in rat plasma
J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020 Feb 5;179:112969.PMID:31767228DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112969.
Skimmin, a major active ingredient derived from Hydrangea paniculata, has been considered to possess various pharmacological activities, including renoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antiamoebic properties. However, no investigation has reported the quantification and pharmacokinetics of Skimmin in biomatrices. In the present study, we established and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the estimation of Skimmin in rat plasma, which was successfully applied to explore the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of Skimmin. All plasma samples were obtained following blood collection from the rat' tail vein and prepared using the protein precipitation method with acetonitrile. Separation of the analyte and internal standard (IS) magnoflorine was achieved by a reversed phase T3 column. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile with a gradient elution program. The analytical run time was 4 min with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI).Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed at m/z of 325.34 → 163.00 and 342.24 → 57.98 for Skimmin and IS, respectively. The method demonstrated good linearity in the range of 2-2000 ng/mL and was validated by US FDA bioanalytical guidelines. A pharmacokinetic study of Skimmin was then successfully conducted using the validated method. Hence, the absolute bioavailability of Skimmin was approximately 25.08 % with rapid absorption and elimination. This study will be beneficial in better understanding the pharmacological properties and the further development of Skimmin.