Xanthosine dihydrate
(Synonyms: 黄苷) 目录号 : GC67209
Xanthosine dihydrate 是衍生自黄嘌呤和核糖的核苷。Xanthosine dihydrate 可增加牛和山羊的乳腺干细胞数量和产奶量。
Cas No.:5968-90-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Xanthosine dihydrate is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine dihydrate can increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats[1].
[1]. Choudhary S, et, al. Examination of the xanthosine response on gene expression of mammary epithelial cells using RNA-seq technology. J Anim Sci Technol. 2018 Jul 13;60:18.
| Cas No. | 5968-90-1 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 别名 | 黄苷 | ||
| 分子式 | C10H16N4O8 | 分子量 | 320.26 |
| 溶解度 | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C | |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.1225 mL | 15.6123 mL | 31.2246 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6245 mL | 3.1225 mL | 6.2449 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3122 mL | 1.5612 mL | 3.1225 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Ultrafast Electronic Deactivation Dynamics of Xanthosine Monophosphate
Molecules 2017 Jan 18;22(1):160.PMID:28106804DOI:10.3390/molecules22010160.
Ultrafast energy dissipation is a crucial factor for the photostability of DNA and RNA, but even some of the key electronic deactivation pathways in monomeric nucleic acid building stones are still controversial. Here, we report on the excited-state dynamics of the rare nucleotide Xanthosine monophosphate as a function of deprotonation state (XMP vs. XMP - ) and excitation wavelength ( λ pump = 278-243 nm) by femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. We show that the predominating relaxation channel leads to a return of the photo-excited molecules to the electronic ground state in τ∼1 ps. The mechanism likely involves an out-of-plane deformation of the five-membered ring, different from the main electronic deactivation pathways in the canonical purine bases adenine and guanine. The results are discussed in terms of the structural and electronic differences of XMP compared to the canonical nucleotides.
Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP). Acid-base and metal ion-binding properties of a chameleon-like nucleotide
Chem Soc Rev 2009 Aug;38(8):2465-94.PMID:19623361DOI:10.1039/b902181g.
The four acidity constants of threefold protonated Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate, H(3)(XMP)(+), reveal that in the physiological pH range around 7.5 (X - H x MP)(3-) strongly dominates and not XMP(2-) as commonly given in textbooks and often applied in research papers. Therefore, this nucleotide, which participates in many metabolic processes, should be addressed as xanthosinate 5'-monophosphate as is stated in this critical review. Micro acidity constant schemes allow quantification of intrinsic site basicities. In 9-methylxanthine nucleobase deprotonation occurs to more than 99% at (N3)H, whereas for Xanthosine it is estimated that about 30% are (N1)H deprotonated and for (X - H x MP)(3-) it is suggested that (N1)H deprotonation is further favored, especially in macrochelates where the phosphate-coordinated M(2+) interacts with N7. The formation degree of these macrochelates in the (X - H x MP x M)(-) species of Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+) or Cd(2+) amounts to 90% or more. In the monoprotonated (M x X - H x MP x H)(+/-) complexes, M(2+) is located at the N7/[(C6)O] unit as the primary binding site and it forms macrochelates with the P(O)(2)(OH)(-) group to about 65% for nearly all metal ions considered (i.e., including Ba(2+), Sr(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)); this indicates outer-sphere binding to P(O)(2)(OH)(-). Finally, a new method quantifying the chelate effect is applied to the M(X - H x MP)(-) species, stabilities and structures of mixed-ligand complexes are considered, and the stability constants for several M(X - H x DP)(2-) and M(X - H x TP)(3-) complexes are estimated (112 references).
Synthesis of Xanthosine 2-phosphate diesters via phosphitylation of the carbonyl group
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021 Dec 15;54:128439.PMID:34748937DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128439.
O2-Phosphodiesterification of Xanthosine has been achieved by a one-pot procedure consisting of the phosphitylation of the 2-carbonyl group of appropriately protected Xanthosine derivatives using phosphoramidites and N-(cyanomethyl)dimethylammonium triflate (CMMT), oxidation of the resulting Xanthosine 2-phosphite triesters, and deprotection. In addition, a study on the hydrolytic stability of a fully deprotected Xanthosine 2-phosphate diester has revealed that it is more stable at higher pH.
Towards a comprehensive understanding of RNA deamination: synthesis and properties of xanthosine-modified RNA
Nucleic Acids Res 2022 Jun 24;50(11):6038-6051.PMID:35687141DOI:10.1093/nar/gkac477.
Nucleobase deamination, such as A-to-I editing, represents an important posttranscriptional modification of RNA. When deamination affects guanosines, a Xanthosine (X) containing RNA is generated. However, the biological significance and chemical consequences on RNA are poorly understood. We present a comprehensive study on the preparation and biophysical properties of X-modified RNA. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that base pairing strength is reduced to a level similar to that observed for a G•U replacement. Applying NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, we demonstrate that X can form distinct wobble geometries with uridine depending on the sequence context. In contrast, X pairing with cytidine occurs either through wobble geometry involving protonated C or in Watson-Crick-like arrangement. This indicates that the different pairing modes are of comparable stability separated by low energetic barriers for switching. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the flexible pairing properties directly affect the recognition of X-modified RNA by reverse transcription enzymes. Primer extension assays and PCR-based sequencing analysis reveal that X is preferentially read as G or A and that the ratio depends on the type of reverse transcriptase. Taken together, our results elucidate important properties of X-modified RNA paving the way for future studies on its biological significance.
Xanthosine administration does not affect the proportion of epithelial stem cells in bovine mammary tissue, but has a latent negative effect on cell proliferation
Exp Cell Res 2014 Oct 15;328(1):186-196.PMID:24992045DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.017.
The challenge in manipulating the proportion of somatic stem cells lies in having to override tissue homeostasis. Xanthosine infusion via the teat canal has been reported to augment the number of label-retaining cells in the mammary gland of 3-month-old bovine calves. To further delineate Xanthosine׳s effect on defined stem cells in the mammary gland of heifers-which are candidates for increased prospective milk production following such manipulation-bovine mammary parenchymal tissue was transplanted and integrated into the cleared mammary fat pad of immunodeficient mice. Xanthosine administration for 14 days did not affect the number of label-retaining cells after 10- and 11-week chases. No change in stem cell proportion, analyzed according to CD49f and CD24 expression, was noted. Clone formation and propagation rate of cultured cells, as well as expression of stem cell markers, were also unaffected. In contrast, a latent 50% decrease in bovine mammary cell proliferation rate was observed 11 weeks after Xanthosine administration. Tumor development in mice was also limited by Xanthosine administration. These effects may have resulted from an initial decrease in expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in guanine synthesis, IMPDH. The data indicate that caution should be exerted when considering Xanthosine for stem cell manipulation.