Tylosin (Tylosin A)
(Synonyms: 泰乐菌素; Tylosin A) 目录号 : GC32084
A macrolide antibiotic
Cas No.:1401-69-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by S. fradiae that has bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria.1 It is a mixture of tylosin A, B, C, and D, with tylosin A contributing 80% of its bacteriostatic activity. Tylosin has MIC values of 9.6, 16.4, 0.1, 1, and 0.5 μg/ml for F. necrophorum, A. pyogenes, M. gallisepticum, S. aureus, and S. uberis, respectively.2,3,4 Formulations containing tylosin have been used for the prevention of liver abscesses in cattle.3 Tylosin is an environmental contaminant because it is not fully metabolized by treated livestock and enters the environment through manure-based fertilizers.5
1.Arsic, B., Barber, J., ?iko?, A., et al.16-membered macrolide antibiotics: A review.Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents30238-30280(2017) 2.Bonnier, M., Doré, C., Amédéo, J., et al.In vitro activity of tylosin and tilmicosin against cocci isolated from bovine mastitisRevue Méd. Vét.157(10)486-489(2006) 3.Nagaraja, T.G., and Chengappa, M.M.Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: A reviewJ. Anim. Sci.76(1)287-298(1998) 4.Jordan, F.T., and Knight, D.The minimum inhibitory concentration of kitasamycin, tylosin and tiamulin for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and their protective effect on infected chicksAvian Pathol.13(2)151-162(1984) 5.Washington, M.T., Moorman, T.B., Soupir, M.L., et al.Monitoring tylosin and sulfamethazine in a tile-drained agricultural watershed using polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)Sci. Total. Environ.612358-367(2017)
| Cas No. | 1401-69-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 泰乐菌素; Tylosin A | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@@H](O[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC2=O)O)C)[C@H](C[C@H](C(/C=C/C(C)=C/[C@H](CO[C@H](O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC)[C@@H]3OC)[C@@H](CC)O2)=O)C)CC=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)N(C)C)O[C@@](O[C@@H](C)[C@@H]4O)([H])C[C@]4(O)C | ||
| 分子式 | C46H77NO17 | 分子量 | 916.1 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (109.16 mM);Water : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.0916 mL | 5.4579 mL | 10.9158 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2183 mL | 1.0916 mL | 2.1832 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1092 mL | 0.5458 mL | 1.0916 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Tylosin A and desmycosin in honey by salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and aqueous normal phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Anal Bioanal Chem 2019 Sep;411(24):6509-6518.PMID:31359120DOI:10.1007/s00216-019-02034-3.
A simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of Tylosin A and desmycosin residues in honey. Aliquots of honey samples were dissolved in a concentrated solution of sodium acetate and the target analytes were subsequently extracted with acetonitrile. The resulting organic extract was chromatographed under aqueous normal phase (ANP) LC conditions using a bare silica stationary phase with acidified solutions of ammonium formate in both water and 5:95 water: acetonitrile as the mobile phases. Tylosin A and desmycosin residues were measured using MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Based on the analysis of replicate honey samples fortified at 5, 20, and 100 μg kg-1, the method was found to provide high accuracy and precision with average intraday trueness ranging from 90.2 to 111.2% and standard deviations of less than 7%. For spiked replicates fortified at the limit of quantification (1 μg kg-1), the intraday accuracies ranged from 72.0 to 102.7% for Tylosin A and from 72.1 to 93.8% for desmycosin, with standard deviations all lower than 12%. Matrix effects were relatively minimal and consistent between honey samples which eliminated the need to perform any additional cleanup of the sample extracts prior to ANP-UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Graphical abstract.
Development and validation of a simple solid-phase extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of lincomycin, Tylosin A and Tylosin B in royal jelly
Biomed Chromatogr 2018 Apr;32(4).PMID:29164636DOI:10.1002/bmc.4145.
We have developed an analytical method for the determination of lincomycin, Tylosin A and Tylosin B residues in royal jelly using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analysis. For extraction and purification, we employed 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.1 m Na2 EDTA solutions along with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The target antibiotics were well separated in a Kinetex EVO C18 reversed-phase analytical column using a combination of 0.1% formate acid in ultrapure water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. Good linearity was achieved over the tested concentration range (5-50 μg/kg) in matrix-matched standard calibration. The coefficients of determination (R2 ) were 0.9933, 0.9933 and 0.996, for Tylosin A, Tylosin B and lincomycin, respectively. Fortified royal jelly spiked with three different concentrations of the tested antibiotics (5, 10 and 20 μg/kg) yielded recoveries in the range 80.94-109.26% with relative standard deviations ≿%. The proposed method was applied to monitor 11 brand of royal jelly collected from domestic markets and an imported brand from New Zealand; all the samples tested negative for lincomycin, Tylosin A and Tylosin B residues. In conclusion, 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.1 m Na2 EDTA aqueous solvents combined with solid-phase extraction could effectively complete the sample preparation process for royal jelly before analysis. The developed approach can be applied for a routine analysis of lincomycin, Tylosin A and Tylosin B residues in royal jelly.
Study of the stability of Tylosin A in aqueous solutions
J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995 Aug;13(9):1153-9.PMID:8573642DOI:10.1016/0731-7085(95)01522-m.
The decomposition of the 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotic Tylosin A in aqueous buffers has been investigated in the pH range 2-13, by means of a liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. In acidic medium, Tylosin A is converted into Tylosin B, while in neutral and alkaline medium, Tylosin A aldol is formed together with a number of polar decomposition products of unknown identity. The decomposition kinetics have been studied as a function of the type and concentration of the buffer, ionic strength, pH and temperature.
Computational Studies on Selected Macrolides Active against Escherichia coli Combined with the NMR Study of Tylosin A in Deuterated Chloroform
Molecules 2022 Oct 26;27(21):7280.PMID:36364103DOI:10.3390/molecules27217280.
Although many antibiotics are active against Gram-positive bacteria, fewer also show activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we present a combination of in silico (electron ion-interaction potential, molecular docking, ADMET), NMR, and microbiological investigations of selected macrolides (14-membered, 15-membered, and 16-membered), aiming to discover the pattern of design for macrolides active against Gram-negative bacteria. Although the conformational studies of 14-membered and 15-membered macrolides are abundant in the literature, 16-membered macrolides, and their most prominent representative Tylosin A, have received relatively little research attention. We therefore report the complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of Tylosin A in deuterated chloroform, as well as its 3D solution structure determined through molecular modelling (conformational search) and 2D ROESY NMR. Additionally, due to the degradation of Tylosin A in deuterated chloroform, other species were also detected in 1D and 2D NMR spectra. We additionally studied the anti-bacterial activity of Tylosin A and B against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Evaluating a Tylosin dosage regimen for treatment of Staphylococcus delphini infection in mink (Neovison vison): a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach
Vet Res 2021 Feb 27;52(1):34.PMID:33640030DOI:10.1186/s13567-021-00906-0.
Staphylococcus delphini is one of the most common pathogens isolated from mink infections, especially dermatitis. Tylosin (TYL) is used frequently against these infections, although no evidence-based treatment regimen exists. This study aimed to explore the dosage of TYL for infections caused by S. delphini in mink. Two animal experiments with a total of 12 minks were conducted to study the serum pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of TYL in mink after 10 mg/kg IV and oral dosing, respectively. The concentration of TYL in serum samples collected before and eight times during 24 h after TYL administration was quantitated with liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the TYL disposition was analyzed using non-linear mixed effect analysis. The pharmacodynamics (PD) of TYL against S. delphini were studied using semi-mechanistic modeling of in vitro time-kill experiments. PKPD modeling and simulation were done to establish the PKPD index and dosage regimen. The disposition of TYL was described by a two-compartmental model. The area under the free concentration-time curve of TYL over the minimum inhibitory concentration of S. delphini (fAUC/MIC) was determined as PKPD index with breakpoints of 48.9 and 98.7 h for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, respectively. The calculated daily oral dose of TYL was 2378 mg/kg, which is 238-fold higher than the currently used TYL oral dosage regimen in mink (10 mg/kg). Accordingly, sufficient TYL concentrations are impossible to achieve in mink plasma, and use of this drug for extra-intestinal infections in this animal species must be discouraged.