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Tianeptine-d6 (hydrochloride) Sale

目录号 : GC49905

An internal standard for the quantification of tianeptine

Tianeptine-d6 (hydrochloride) Chemical Structure

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500 µg
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1 mg
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产品描述

Tianeptine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tianeptine by GC- or LC-MS. Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant.1 It is an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR; EC50s = 194 and 641 nM for human and mouse receptors, respectively, in a BRET assay for G protein activation) and also has effects on the glutamate system.1,2 Tianeptine (30 mg/kg) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in wild-type, but not MOR knockout mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity dependent on MORs.3 It increases locomotor activity at a dose of 30, but not 10 mg/kg, in the open field test and increases paw withdrawal latency in the hot-plate test in mice. Tianeptine modulates AMPA receptor activity by increasing phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit in the frontal cortex and hippocampal CA3 region in mice.4 It prevents increases in glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) expression induced by chronic restraint stress in the hippocampal CA3 region in rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day for 21 days.5 It also reverses increases in extracellular glutamate levels induced by acute restraint stress in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in rats.6

1.McEwen, B.S., Chattarji, S., Diamond, D.M., et al.The neurobiological properties of tianeptine (Stablon): From monoamine hypothesis to glutamatergic modulationMol. Psychiatry15(3)237-249(2010) 2.Gassaway, M.M., Rives, M.L., Kruegel, A.C., et al.The atypical antidepressant and neurorestorative agent tianeptine is a μ-opioid receptor agonistTransl. Psychiatry4e411(2014) 3.Samuels, B.A., Nautiyal, K.M., Kruegel, A.C., et al.The behavioral effects of the antidepressant tianeptine require the mu-opioid receptorNeuropsychopharmacology42(10)2052-2063(2017) 4.Svenningsson, P., Bateup, H., Qi, H., et al.Involvement of AMPA receptor phosphorylation in antidepressant actions with special reference to tianeptineEur. J. Neurosci.26(12)3509-3517(2007) 5.Reagan, L.P., Rossell, D.R., Wood, G.E., et al.Chronic restraint stress up-regulates GLT-1 mRNA and protein expression in the rat hippocampus: Reversal by tianeptineProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA101(7)2179-2184(2004) 6.Reznikov, L.R., Grillo, C.A., Piroli, G.G., et al.Acute stress-mediated increases in extracellular glutamate levels in the rat amygdala: Differential effects of antidepressant treatmentEur. J. Neurosci.25(10)3109-3114(2007)

Chemical Properties

Cas No. SDF Download SDF
Canonical SMILES OC(CCC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])CNC(C1=C2C=C(Cl)C=C1)C(C=CC=C3)=C3N(C)S2(=O)=O)=O.Cl
分子式 C21H19ClD6N2O4S • HCl 分子量 479.5
溶解度 Methanol: Soluble 储存条件 -20°C
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溶解性数据

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1 mM 2.0855 mL 10.4275 mL 20.8551 mL
5 mM 0.4171 mL 2.0855 mL 4.171 mL
10 mM 0.2086 mL 1.0428 mL 2.0855 mL
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Research Update

Nalfurafine hydrochloride, a κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist, Induces Melanophagy via PKA Inhibition in B16F1 Cells

Cells 2022 Dec 29;12(1):146.PMID:36611940DOI:10.3390/cells12010146.

Selective autophagy controls cellular homeostasis by degrading unnecessary or damaged cellular components. Melanosomes are specialized organelles that regulate the biogenesis, storage, and transport of melanin in melanocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying melanosomal autophagy, known as the melanophagy pathway, are poorly understood. To better understand the mechanism of melanophagy, we screened an endocrine-hormone chemical library and identified nalfurafine hydrochlorides, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, as a potent inducer of melanophagy. Treatment with nalfurafine hydrochloride increased autophagy and reduced melanin content in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated cells. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy blocked melanosomal degradation and reversed the nalfurafine hydrochloride-induced decrease in melanin content in α-MSH-treated cells. Consistently, treatment with other κ-opioid receptor agonists, such as MCOPPB or mianserin, inhibited excessive melanin production but induced autophagy in B16F1 cells. Furthermore, nalfurafine hydrochloride inhibited protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which was notably restored by forskolin, a PKA activator. Additionally, forskolin treatment further suppressed melanosomal degradation as well as the anti-pigmentation activity of nalfurafine hydrochloride in α-MSH-treated cells. Collectively, our data suggest that stimulation of κ-opioid receptors induces melanophagy by inhibiting PKA activation in α-MSH-treated B16F1 cells.

Antiparasitic activities of new lawsone Mannich bases

Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019 Nov;352(11):e1900128.PMID:31536649DOI:10.1002/ardp.201900128.

A series of new lawsone Mannich bases derived from salicylaldehydes or nitrofurfural were prepared and tested for their activities against Leishmania major, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites. The hydrochloride salts 5a and 6a of the Mannich bases 2a and 3a, derived from unsubstituted salicylaldehyde and long-chained alkyl amines, were selectively and strongly active against T. gondii cells and appear to be new promising drug candidates against this parasite. Compound 6a showed an even higher activity against T. gondii than the known lawsone Mannich base 1b. Compound 4a, derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-methylaminopyridine, was also distinctly active against T. gondii cells. The derivatives 3a (salicyl derivative), 3b (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl derivative), and 3d (5-nitrofuranyl derivative) as well as the hydrochlorides 6a and 6b were also efficacious against T. b. brucei cells with compounds 3a and 3b being more selective for T. b. brucei over Vero cells when compared with the known control compound 1b. The derivatives 5a, 5c, 6a, and 6c proved to be up to five times more active than 1b against L. major promastigotes and up to four times more efficacious against L. major amastigotes.

Iodine-Catalyzed Diazenylation with Arylhydrazine Hydrochlorides in Air

J Org Chem 2018 Apr 6;83(7):3537-3546.PMID:29486127DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.7b03149.

A mild approach to diazenylation of active methylene compounds and N-heterocyclic compounds with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides in the presence of iodine under basic aerobic conditions was developed. The reaction could be executed either under heating or in the presence of blue LED light, though the latter condition was found to be relatively efficient. Presumably, the aryldiazene produced by oxidation of arylhydrazine hydrochloride acts as a nitrogen scavenger of the radical intermediate generated from the active methylene compound in the presence of iodine to produce the diazo compounds. The scope and limitations of the protocol are presented.

Green Formation of Novel Pyridinyltriazole-Salicylidene Schiff Bases

Curr Org Synth 2019;16(2):309-313.PMID:31975681DOI:10.2174/1570179416666181207145951.

Aim and objective: In this work, water was used as solvent for the eco-friendly synthesis of imines under microwave irradiation. In the first step of the study, 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochlorides were synthesized in the reaction of amino guanidine hydrochloride with different pyridine carboxylic acids under acid catalysis. A green method for 5-pyridinyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles was developed with the assistance of microwave synthesis. In the second step, the eco-friendly synthesis of imines was achieved by reacting 5- pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine hydrochlorides with salicylic aldehyde derivatives to produce 2-(5- pyridinyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol imines. Materials and methods: Microwave experiments were done using a monomode Anton Paar Monowave 300 microwave reactor (2.45 GHz). Reaction temperatures were monitored by an IR sensor. Microwave experiments were carried out in sealed microwave process vials G10 with maximum reaction volume of 10 mL. Results: When alternative methods were used, it was impossible to obtain good yields from ethanol. Nevertheless, the use of water was successful for this reaction. After 1-h microwave irritation, a yellow solid was obtained in 82% yield. Conclusion: In this work an eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of Schiff bases from 5-(pyridin-2-, 3- or 4- yl)-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and substituted salicylic aldehydes in water under microwave irradiation was developed. Under the found conditions the high yields for the products were achieved at short reaction time and with an easy isolation procedure.

Liquid Co-crystals of Dual-Active Phenothiazine-NSAID Drugs: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Characterization

ACS Omega 2022 May 9;7(20):16990-17001.PMID:35647432DOI:10.1021/acsomega.1c07382.

Four aliphatic phenothiazine cations (promazinium, promethazinium, chlorpromazinium, and triflupromazinium) were each paired with docusate anions and three different NSAID anions (ibuprofen, salicylate, and naproxen) to form fifteen glassy materials and one solid. The compounds were prepared via the metathesis reaction between the corresponding phenothiazine hydrochloride salts and sodium docusate or sodium NSAID salts and were obtained as liquid co-crystals with various degrees of ionization. The self-diffusion coefficients of several derivatives in 0.06 M DMSO-d 6 solutions were determined using DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The influence of the size, shape of the compounds, and intermolecular forces has been investigated by using the four promazine and the four ibuprofen co-crystals. The ion pairs (or aggregates) were found to be maintained in six out of the seven compounds examined. All fifteen glassy compounds showed reversible glass transitions in the -25 to 10 °C range with the docusate derivatives exhibiting the highest thermal stability (T onset values being at least 40 °C higher than those of the corresponding phenothiazine hydrochlorides).