SNAP
(Synonyms: SNitrosoNAcetylD,LPenicillamine) 目录号 : GC10767
SNAP是一种一氧化氮供体，常作为研究一氧化氮生理和药理作用的工具化合物。
Cas No.:67776-06-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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SNAP is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, commonly used as a tool compound for studying the physiological and pharmacological roles of nitric oxide[1]. SNAP decomposes spontaneously or under the influence of light, heat, or metal ions to release nitric oxide, while generating the corresponding disulfide[2]. SNAP is widely employed to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation, neurotransmission, and immune responses[3-4].
In vitro, treatment of Fu5 rat hepatoma cells with SNAP (1mM) for 8 hours significantly induced cytotoxicity[5]. Exposure of Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-F6) and B16 melanoma cells (B16-4A5-F6) to SNAP (2mM) for 24 hours markedly reduced the viability of both cell types[6].
In vivo, a single intramuscular injection of SNAP (1.0mg/kg) administered 3 hours after the induction of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in SD rats significantly increased the ischemic-to-normal limb blood flow (INBF) ratio on day 14 and enhanced microvessel density in the ischemic area[7]. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of SNAP (0.1μM; 2μL) over 6 days in P2X7R+/+ and P2X7R−/− mice significantly elevated S-nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase (SNO-PDI) in the hippocampus and enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 at serine 276 in microglia[8].
References:
[1] Salas E, Moro MA, Askew S, et al. Comparative pharmacology of analogues of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine on human platelets. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Aug;112(4):1071-6.
[2] Pravdic D, Vladic N, Cavar I, et al. Effect of nitric oxide donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, spermine NONOate and propylamine propylamine NONOate on intracellular pH in cardiomyocytes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012 Sep;39(9):772-8.
[3] Mang CF, Kilbinger H. Modulation of acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig trachea by the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP). Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;131(1):94-8.
[4] Lu J, Katano T, Okuda-Ashitaka E, et al. Involvement of S-nitrosylation of actin in inhibition of neurotransmitter release by nitric oxide. Mol Pain. 2009 Sep 29;5:58.
[5] Ioannidis I, de Groot H. Cytotoxicity of nitric oxide in Fu5 rat hepatoma cells: evidence for co-operative action with hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J. 1993 Dec 1;296 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):341-5.
[6] Hirano S. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide on metastatic cells. Cancer Lett. 1997 May 1;115(1):57-62.
[7] Yeh JN, Yip HK, Shao PL, et al. Combination of melatonin-delivered endothelial progenitor cells with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine for improving critical limb ischemia in the rat. Am J Transl Res. 2024 Sep 15;16(9):5020-5037.
[8] Kim JE, Wang SH, Lee DS, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase integrates toll-like receptor 4 and P2X7 receptor signaling pathways during lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 6;15(1):7906.
SNAP是一种一氧化氮供体，常作为研究一氧化氮生理和药理作用的工具化合物[1]。SNAP可以自发或在光、热、金属离子催化下分解并释放一氧化氮，同时生成相应的二硫化物[2]。SNAP被应用于心血管调节、神经传递以及免疫反应中的作用机制研究[3-4]。
在体外，SNAP（1mM）处理Fu5大鼠肝癌细胞8小时，显著诱导细胞毒性[5]。SNAP（2mM）处理Lewis肺癌细胞（LLC-F6）和B16黑色素瘤细胞（B16-4A5-F6）24小时，显著降低两种细胞的存活率[6]。
在体内，SNAP（1.0mg/kg）在SD大鼠严重肢体缺血（CLI）模型诱导后3小时单次肌肉注射，显著提高了第14天时缺血/正常肢体血流比（INBF），并增强了缺血区域的小血管密度[7]。SNAP（0.1μM；2μL）通过侧脑室持续输注6天处理P2X7R+/+和P2X7R-/-小鼠，显著增加海马区蛋白二硫键异构酶（PDI）的S-亚硝基化（SNO-PDI）水平，并增强小胶质细胞中NF-κB p65丝氨酸276位点的磷酸化[8]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Fu5 rat hepatoma cells (rat hepatoma cell line) |
Preparation Method | Fu5 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mix F12 (1:1) supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine, 50μg/mL gentamycin, and 10% fetal-calf serum at 37°C under 5% CO₂. Cells were treated with SNAP at a concentration of 1mM for 8 hours. |
Reaction Conditions | 1mM; 8h |
Applications | SNAP induced significant cytotoxicity in Fu5 cells. When combined with xanthine oxidase (20m-units/mL), SNAP synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects were mediated by nitric oxide (NO) release, independent of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) or peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) pathways. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | SD rats |
Preparation Method | Rats were intramuscularly administered a single dose of SNAP (1.0mg/kg) at 3 hours after critical limb ischemia (CLI) induction. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 for quadriceps muscle analysis. |
Dosage form | 1.0mg/kg; i.m.; 14 days |
Applications | SNAP administration significantly increased the ischemic-to-normal blood flow (INBF) ratio and enhanced small vessel density in the ischemic limb. SNAP upregulated endothelial cell surface markers (CD31/vWF/eNOS) and angiogenesis factors, while reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory biomarkers. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 67776-06-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | SNitrosoNAcetylD,LPenicillamine | ||
| 化学名 | (R)-2-acetamido-3-methyl-3-(nitrosothio)butanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC([C@H](C(C)(C)SN=O)NC(C)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C7H12N2O4S | 分子量 | 220.24 |
| 溶解度 | <22.02mg/ml in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.5405 mL | 22.7025 mL | 45.405 mL |
| 5 mM | 908.1 μL | 4.5405 mL | 9.081 mL |
| 10 mM | 454.1 μL | 2.2703 mL | 4.5405 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
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