Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)
(Synonyms: S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽,S-Nitroso-L-glutathione) 目录号 : GC11815
Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)是一种基于天然谷胱甘肽的S-亚硝基硫醇NO供体。
Cas No.:57564-91-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an S-nitrosylthiol NO donor based on natural glutathione [1]. Nitrosoglutathione is an effective smooth muscle relaxant and platelet aggregation inhibitor, capable of inhibiting the AT1 receptor responses dependent and independent of brain vascular angiotensin II [2]. Nitrosoglutathione selectively inhibits platelet and NF-κB activation [3].
In vitro, Nitrosoglutathione (1-100μM; 5h) can activate Ras, Src and ERK1/2 MAP kinases and promote HeLa cell proliferation. However, when HeLa cells are exposed to 1mM Nitrosoglutathione, cell proliferation is inhibited [4]. Nitrosoglutathione (500μM; 2h) treatment of neutrophils reduces TNFα-induced NF-κB activity and inhibits IκBα degradation [5].
In vivo, Nitrosoglutathione (8mg/kg/day; 7d; i.v.) significantly reduces systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in rats with preeclampsia (PE) from day 14 to day 20 [6]. Nitrosoglutathione (0.2 and 0.6mg/kg; single administration; i.v.) significantly inhibits the production of superoxide in rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury models and inhibits NF-κB activation, iNOS induction and 3-nitrotyrosine expression, and upregulats the expression of endothelial NOS in flap vessels [7].
References:
[1] Bouressam ML, Lecat S, Raoul A, et al. S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT receptor responses: A possible role of S-nitrosation. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(12):2049-2062.
[2] Jensen DE, Belka GK, Du Bois GC. S-Nitrosoglutathione is a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme. Biochem J. 1998;331 (Pt 2) (Pt 2):659-668.
[3] Fortenberry J D, Owens M L, Brown L A S. S-nitrosoglutathione enhances neutrophil DNA fragmentation and cell death[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 1999, 276(3): L435-L442.
[4] Batista W L, Ogata F T, Curcio M F, et al. S-nitrosoglutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide regulate compartmentalized ras S-nitrosylation and stimulate cell proliferation[J]. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2013, 18(3): 221-238.
[5] Fortenberry J D, Owens M L, Chen N X, et al. S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits TNF-α-induced NF κ B activation in neutrophils[J]. Inflammation Research, 2001, 50(2): 89-95.
[6] Brown, Caneta et al. “The effects of S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine in a rat model of pre-eclampsia.” Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine vol. 4,2 (2013): 330-5.
[7] Kuo YR, Wang FS, Jeng SF, Lutz BS, Huang HC, Yang KD. Nitrosoglutathione promotes flap survival via suppression of reperfusion injury-induced superoxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase induction. J Trauma. 2004;57(5):1025-1031.
Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)是一种基于天然谷胱甘肽的S-亚硝基硫醇NO供体 [1]。Nitrosoglutathione是一种有效的平滑肌松弛剂和血小板聚集抑制剂，可抑制脑血管紧张素II依赖性和非依赖型的AT1受体反应 [2]。Nitrosoglutathione可选择性抑制血小板和NF-κB激活 [3]。
在体外，Nitrosoglutathione（1-100μM; 5h）可激活Ras，Src和ERK1/2 MAP激酶并促进HeLa细胞增殖。然而，HeLa细胞暴露于1mM的Nitrosoglutathione时细胞增殖被抑制 [4]。Nitrosoglutathione（500μM; 2h）处理中性粒细胞，降低了TNFα诱导的NF-κB活性，同时抑制IκBα降解[5]。
在体内，Nitrosoglutathione（8mg/kg/day; 7d; i.v.）显著降低了先兆子痫（PE）诱发大鼠从第14天到第20天的收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压 [6]。Nitrosoglutathione（0.2和0.6mg/kg; 单次给药; i.v.）显著抑制了缺血/再灌注损伤模型大鼠超氧化物的产生并抑制NF-κB活化、iNOS诱导和3-硝基酪氨酸的表达，上调了皮瓣血管中的内皮细胞NOS表达 [7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | HeLa cells |
Preparation Method | HeLa cells (8×103) were seeded in a 96-well culture plate and subjected to a 24-h period of starvation with MEM 0.5% FBS at 37°C, 5% CO2 . Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Nitrosoglutathione for 5h. In the assay that was used, PP2 (a Src kinase inhibitor) or BIBX1382 (an EGFR inhibitor) or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) was added 30min before stimulation with Nitrosoglutathione, EGF, Bk, or FBS. Cells were washed and subsequently incubated with MTT (0.5mg/ml) reagent at 37°C, 5% CO2, for 2h to measure the daily proliferation rate. The medium was discarded, and 100μl of cold isopropanol was added to monitor the absorbance spectrophotometrically at 570nm. The experiment was repeated three times. Cell pro-liferation was evaluated by a cell count assay. Cells were cultured in six-well plates to attain 40%–50% confluence and stimulated during 5h with Nitrosoglutathione or FBS in a culture medium without supplements. After 24–48h stimulation, cells were trypsinized and counted using an inverted microscope |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 1000μM; 5h |
Applications | Cells pretreated with low concentrations (1.0-100μM) of Nitrosoglutathione showed significant stimulation and proliferation at 24 and 48 hours. However, exposing HeLa cells to 1.0 millimole of Nitrosoglutathioneinhibited cell proliferation. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Sprague-Dawley rats |
Preparation Method | On day 14 of gestation, female Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups and treated intravenously for 7 days as follows: (i) 0.3mL 0.9% saline (control, n = 11); (ii) 50mg/kg Body Weight (BW) N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in 0.3mL saline (n = 10); (iii) 50mg/kg BW L-NAME and 8mg/kg BW Nitrosoglutathione in 0.15mL saline (n = 6); (iv) 50 mg/kg BW L-NAME in 0.15mL saline and 8mg/kg BW SNAP in 0.15mL DMSO (n = 9); and (v) 0.15mL DMSO and 0.15mL saline (SNAP control, n = 7). Blood pressures were measured on day 14 through day 20, a 4-h urine sample was taken on day 20, and animals were sacrificed on day 21. Pups were counted and weighed individually. |
Dosage form | 8mg/kg/day; 7d; i.v. |
Applications | Nitrosoglutathione significantly decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in Pre-eclampsia (PE)-induced rats from day 14 through day 20. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 57564-91-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽,S-Nitroso-L-glutathione | ||
| 化学名 | (S)-2-amino-5-(((R)-1-((carboxymethyl)amino)-3-(nitrosothio)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)N)N[C@H](C(NCC(O)=O)=O)CSN=O | ||
| 分子式 | C10H16N4O7S | 分子量 | 336.32 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO:67mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9734 mL | 14.8668 mL | 29.7336 mL |
| 5 mM | 594.7 μL | 2.9734 mL | 5.9467 mL |
| 10 mM | 297.3 μL | 1.4867 mL | 2.9734 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
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2.
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