Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt, a crucial nucleoside diphosphate, acts as a modulator of intracellular transduction cascades through G protein signaling^[1]. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt can specifically inhibit the enzyme activity of Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) with a K_d value of 1.5μM^[2]. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt can be used to cross-link chitosan to prepare novel scaffolds for soft tissue engineering and drug delivery applications^[3]. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt can be used as a building element and modified with dimethyl sulfate for the synthesis of mRNA cap analogs^[4]. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt can be used as a model compound for molecular docking assays to analyze the binding affinity of RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) protein for the development of RAS-related inhibitors^[5]. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt can stimulate an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K⁺ channel in the rabbit portal vein^[6].

In vivo, Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (30mg/kg)+FeSO₄ (2mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally every other day for 2 weeks significantly alleviated turpentine-induced anemia of inflammation in mice and decreased Hamp mRNA expression in the liver^[7].

References:
[1] Bettio L E B, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues A L S. Guanosine and its role in neuropathologies[J]. Purinergic signalling, 2016, 12(3): 411-426.
[2] Siegel M, Khosla C. Transglutaminase 2 inhibitors and their therapeutic role in disease states[J]. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2007, 115(2): 232-245.
[3] Mekhail M, Daoud J, Almazan G, et al. Rapid, Guanosine 5'‐Diphosphate‐Induced, Gelation of Chitosan Sponges as Novel Injectable Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications[J]. Advanced healthcare materials, 2013, 2(8): 1126-1130.
[4] Kore A R, Parmar G. An industrial process for selective synthesis of 7-methyl guanosine 5′-diphosphate: versatile synthon for synthesis of mRNA cap analogues[J]. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 2006, 25(3): 337-340.
[5] Chaudhary M K, Chaudhary T, Joshi B D, et al. Hydrogen bonding, spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman), UV− Vis, and Mulliken charge analysis of Guanosine-5′-Diphosphate: insight from DFT and molecular docking[J]. BIBECHANA, 2025, 22(3): 205-214.
[6] Kajioka S, Kitamura K, Kuriyama H. Guanosine diphosphate activates an adenosine 5'‐triphosphate‐sensitive K+ channel in the rabbit portal vein[J]. The Journal of Physiology, 1991, 444(1): 397-418.
[7] Angmo S, Tripathi N, Abbat S, et al. Identification of guanosine 5′-diphosphate as potential iron mobilizer: Preventing the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6/stat-3 pathway[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 40097.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt作为一种关键的核苷二磷酸，通过G蛋白信号转导作为细胞内信号级联反应的调节剂^[1]。Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt能特异性抑制转谷氨酰胺酶2（TG2）的酶活性，K_d值为1.5μM^[2]。Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt可用于交联壳聚糖，以制备用于软组织工程和药物递送应用的新型支架^[3]。Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt可作为结构单元，并通过硫酸二甲酯修饰，用于合成mRNA帽类似物^[4]。Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt可作为分子对接试验的模型化合物，用于分析RAS相关C3肉毒杆菌毒素底物1（RAC1）蛋白的结合亲和力，以开发RAS相关抑制剂^[5]。Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt能刺激兔门静脉中的腺苷5'-三磷酸敏感性K+通道^[6]。

在体内，每隔一天腹腔注射Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt（30mg/kg）加FeSO₄（2mg/kg），持续2周，显著减轻了turpentine诱导的小鼠炎症性贫血，并降低了肝脏中Hamp mRNA的表达^[8]。