Proxalutamide (GT0918)
(Synonyms: GT0918; Pruxelutamide) 目录号 : GC33224
Proxalutamide (GT0918) is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist that binds to the ligand-binding domain of AR with an IC50 of 32 nM in the AR competive binding assays.
Cas No.:1398046-21-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
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Animal experiment: |
Beagle Dogs[2]A single dose (25 mg Proxalutamide), randomized study with a two period crossover design is carried out to assess the pharmacoki-netics. Six healthy beagle dogs (9.3±0.7 kg) are randomly divided into two groups and fasted with free access to water overnight. Each group is orally administered with pHM-SDs tablet (Test) or a conventional tablet followed by 50 mL of water, respectively. The dogs obtain free access to water and food 6 h after drug administration. After a 1-week washout period, the groups are inverted and the administrations are repeated. A series of blood samples (1 mL) is collected in heparinized tubes using an indwelling cannula at pre-dose (-0.5 h) and post-dose (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 4, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36 and 48 h); these samples are gently mixed and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min within 1 h of collection[2]. |
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References: [1]. Youzhi Tong, et al. Abstract 614: Proxalutamide (GT0918), a potent androgen receptor pathway inhibitor. Cancer Research. AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. |
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Proxalutamide (GT0918) is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist that binds to the ligand-binding domain of AR with an IC50 of 32 nM in the AR competive binding assays.
Proxalutamide, a novel 2nd generation AR antagonist, binds to the ligand- binding domain of AR, with an IC50 of 32 nM in the AR competitive binding assays. Proxalutamide can block AR transcriptional activity, reduce AR protein levels, and obviously inhibit PCa growth in vitro. [1]
The elimination half-life of proxalutamide in rats is approximately 2 h regardless of whether it is administered by the intragastric or the intravenous route. The maximum plasma concentration of proxalutamide can reach 2 μg/mL or higher, and the oral absolute bioavailability is approximately 80%. [2]
[1] Tie Zhou, et, al. Eur J Cancer. 2020 Jul;134:29-40. [2] Sang H, et al. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2021 Feb 15;35(3):e9003.
| Cas No. | 1398046-21-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | GT0918; Pruxelutamide | ||
| Canonical SMILES | N#CC1=CC=C(N(C(N(C2=CC=C(CCCC3=NC=CO3)N=C2)C4(C)C)=S)C4=O)C(F)=C1C(F)(F)F | ||
| 分子式 | C24H19F4N5O2S | 分子量 | 517.5 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.9324 mL | 9.6618 mL | 19.3237 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3865 mL | 1.9324 mL | 3.8647 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1932 mL | 0.9662 mL | 1.9324 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
An update of anti-viral treatment of COVID-19
Turk J Med Sci 2021 Dec 17;51(SI-1):3372-3390.PMID:34391321DOI:10.3906/sag-2106-250.
Background/aim: Currently there is not an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19, but a large number of drugs have been evaluated since the beginning of the pandemic, and many of them have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 despite the preliminary or conflicting results of the clinical trials. We aimed to review and summarize all of the current knowledge on the antivirals for COVID-19 Results: There are 2 main drug groups for SARS-CoV-2: agents that target proteins or RNA of the virus or interfere with proteins or biological processes in the host that support the virus. The main drug groups include inhibitors of viral entry into the human cell (convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, mini proteins, human soluble ACE-2, camostat, dutasteride, Proxalutamide, bromhexin, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir nitazoxanid, niclosamide, lactoferrin), inhibitors of viral proteases (lopinavir/ritonavir, PF-07321332, PF-07304814, GC376), inhibitors of viral RNA (remdesivir, favipiravir, molnupiravir, AT-527, merimepodib, PTC299), inhibitors of host proteins supporting virus (plitidepsin, fluvoxamine, ivermectin), and agents supporting host natural immunity (Interferons). Conclusion: When taking into account the results of all the available laboratory and clinical trials on the subject, monoclonal antibodies seem to be the most effective treatment for COVID-19 at the moment, and high-titer convalescent plasma also could be effective when administered during the early phase of the disease. As lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, merimepodib, and umifenovir were found to be ineffective in RCTs, they should not be used. Additional studies are needed to define the role of remdesivir, favipiravir, interferons, ivermectin, dutasteride, proxulutamide, fluvoxamine, bromhexine, nitazoxanide, and niclosamid in the treatment of COVID-19. Finally, the results of phase trials are waited to learn whether or not the newer agents such as molnupiravir, PF-07321332, PF-07304814, plitidepsin and AT-527 are effective in the treatment of COVID-19.
Efficacy of COVID-19 Treatments: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Front Public Health 2021 Sep 28;9:729559.PMID:34650951DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2021.729559.
Background: We provided a comprehensive evaluation of efficacy of available treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We searched for candidate COVID-19 studies in WHO COVID-19 Global Research Database up to August 19, 2021. Randomized controlled trials for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients published on peer-reviewed journals were included, regardless of demographic characteristics. Outcome measures included mortality, mechanical ventilation, hospital discharge and viral clearance. Bayesian network meta-analysis with fixed effects was conducted to estimate the effect sizes using posterior means and 95% equal-tailed credible intervals (CrIs). Odds ratio (OR) was used as the summary measure for treatment effect. Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate effect sizes of treatments grouped by the treatment classifications. Results: We identified 222 eligible studies with a total of 102,950 patients. Compared with the standard of care, imatinib, intravenous immunoglobulin and tocilizumab led to lower risk of death; baricitinib plus remdesivir, colchicine, dexamethasone, recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor and tocilizumab indicated lower occurrence of mechanical ventilation; tofacitinib, sarilumab, remdesivir, tocilizumab and baricitinib plus remdesivir increased the hospital discharge rate; convalescent plasma, ivermectin, ivermectin plus doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide and Proxalutamide resulted in better viral clearance. From the treatment class level, we found that the use of antineoplastic agents was associated with fewer mortality cases, immunostimulants could reduce the risk of mechanical ventilation and immunosuppressants led to higher discharge rates. Conclusions: This network meta-analysis identified superiority of several COVID-19 treatments over the standard of care in terms of mortality, mechanical ventilation, hospital discharge and viral clearance. Tocilizumab showed its superiority compared with SOC on preventing severe outcomes such as death and mechanical ventilation as well as increasing the discharge rate, which might be an appropriate treatment for patients with severe or mild/moderate illness. We also found the clinical efficacy of antineoplastic agents, immunostimulants and immunosuppressants with respect to the endpoints of mortality, mechanical ventilation and discharge, which provides valuable information for the discovery of potential COVID-19 treatments.
Efficacy and safety of current medications for treating severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients: an updated network meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Aging (Albany NY) 2021 Sep 16;13(18):21866-21902.PMID:34531332DOI:10.18632/aging.203522.
Background: Many recent studies have investigated the role of drug interventions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, an important question has been raised about how to select the effective and secure medications for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of the various medications available for severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients based on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RPCTs). Methods: We did an updated network meta-analysis. We searched the databases from inception until July 31, 2021, with no language restrictions. We included RPCTs comparing 49 medications and placebo in the treatment of severe and non-severe patients (aged 18 years or older) with COVID-19 infection. We extracted data on the trial and patient characteristics, and the following primary outcomes: all-cause mortality, the ratios of virological cure, and treatment-emergent adverse events. Odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect estimates. Results: From 3,869 publications, we included 61 articles related to 73 RPCTs (57 in non-severe COVID-19 patients and 16 in severe COVID-19 patients), comprising 20,680 patients. The mean sample size was 160 (interquartile range 96-393) in this study. The median duration of follow-up drugs intervention was 28 days (interquartile range 21-30). For increase in virological cure, we only found that Proxalutamide (OR 9.16, 95% CI 3.15-18.30), ivermectin (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.22-32.86), and low dosage bamlanivimab (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.12-24.99) seemed to be associated with non-severe COVID-19 patients when compared with placebo, in which Proxalutamide seemed to be better than low dosage bamlanivimab (OR 5.69, 95% CI 2.43-17.65). For decrease in all-cause mortality, we found that Proxalutamide (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.09-0.19), imatinib (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.96), and baricitinib (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42-0.82) seemed to be associated with non-severe COVID-19 patients; however, we only found that immunoglobulin gamma (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.89) was related to severe COVID-19 patients when compared with placebo. For change in treatment-emergent adverse events, we only found that sotrovimab (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.34) was associated with non-severe COVID-19 patients; however, we did not find any medications that presented a statistical difference when compared with placebo among severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: We conclude that marked variations exist in the efficacy and safety of medications between severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19. It seems that monoclonal antibodies (e.g., low dosage bamlanivimab, baricitinib, imatinib, and sotrovimab) are a better choice for treating severe or non-severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical decisions to use preferentially medications should carefully consider the risk-benefit profile based on efficacy and safety of all active interventions in patients with COVID-19 at different levels of infection.
Retraction: Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial
Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 Jun 10;9:964099.PMID:35755027DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.964099.
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.668698.].
Proxalutamide in patients with AR-positive metastatic breast cancer: Results from an open-label multicentre phase Ib study and biomarker analysis
Eur J Cancer 2022 Nov;176:1-12.PMID:36182805DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.025.
Aim: Proxalutamide is a novel second-generation non-steroidal androgen receptor (AR) antagonist. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of Proxalutamide in patients with AR-positive metastatic breast cancer (AR+ mBC). Methods: In this open-label, dose-expansion, multicentre phase Ib trial, patients with AR+ mBC (immunohistochemistry [IHC] ≥1%) received Proxalutamide orally once daily. Two Proxalutamide dose cohorts (cohort A: 200 mg; cohort B: 300 mg) were sequentially investigated. Primary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) at 8 and 16 weeks and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Results: Forty-five patients with three median lines (range, 1-13) prior systemic therapy were enrolled (cohort A, n = 30; cohort B, n = 15). Among 39 evaluable patients, DCR at 8 and 16 weeks was 25.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9-39.4%), with 26.9% in cohort A and 23.1% in cohort B. No patient achieved partial response or complete response. Proxalutamide 200 mg/day was determined as RP2D. The 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 19.6% (95% CI, 10.2-37.5%). In the triple-negative subgroup, DCR at 8 weeks was 38.5%, with median PFS of 9.1 months (95% CI, 7.8-NA) in those who achieved response at 8 weeks (n = 5). Most common grade 3/4 adverse events were aspartate aminotransferase increase (8.9%) and γ-glutamyltransferase increase (8.9%). By biomarker analysis, patients with moderate AR expression of IHC (26%-75%), PIK3CA pathogenic mutations, or <60 ng/ml cell-free DNA yield showed longer PFS. Conclusion: Proxalutamide showed promising anti-tumour activity with good tolerability in patients with heavily pretreated AR+ mBC, supporting further investigation. Trial registration: This clinical study was prospectively registered at chinadrugtrials.org.cn (Identifier: CTR20170757) and clinical trials.gov (Identifier: NCT04103853).