Nicotinamide riboside malate

Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD⁺ precursor, increases NAD⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities^[1]. Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease^[2].

Nicotinamide riboside malate (0.5 mM; 24 hours) reduces the acetylation status of Ndufa9 and SOD2^[1].
Nicotinamide riboside malate increases intracellular and mitochondrial NAD⁺ content in C2C12, Hepa1.6, and HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1-1000 μM^[1].
Nicotinamide riboside malate boosts NAD to restore antiviral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) functions to support innate immunity for coronavirus (CoVs), a cause of COVID-19^[3].

References:
[1]. Cantó C, et al. The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protectsagainst high-fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 2012 Jun 6;15(6):838-47.
[2]. Bing Gong, et al. Nicotinamide Riboside Restores Cognition Through an Upregulation of Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α Regulated β-Secretase 1 Degradation and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Mouse Models. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jun;34(6):1581-8.
[3]. Collin D Heer, et al. Coronavirus and PARP Expression Dysregulate the NAD Metabolome: A Potentially Actionable Component of Innate Immunity. bioRxiv. 2020 Apr 30;2020.04.17.047480.

Nicotinamide riboside malate 是具有口服活性的 NAD⁺ 的前体，增加 NAD⁺ 水平并激活 SIRT1 和 SIRT3。Nicotinamide riboside malate 是维生素 B3 (烟酸) 的来源，可以增强氧化代谢并防止高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢异常。Nicotinamide riboside malate 可以减少阿尔茨海默氏病转基因小鼠模型中的认知退化。