Hydroxycotinine
(Synonyms: 3'R,5'S)-3'-羟基可替宁) 目录号 : GC33627
A metabolite of nicotine
Cas No.:34834-67-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
trans-3’-Hydroxycotinine (3HC) is a product of CYP2A6 metabolism of the primary nicotine metabolite, cotinine .1,2 Cotinine has a longer metabolic half-life compared to 3HC (16 hours vs. 5 hours).1 The ratio of 3HC to cotinine, termed the nicotine metabolite ratio, correlates with nicotine clearance from the body and is used as a biomarker of CYP2A6 activity.1 This measure of nicotine metabolism has been used to study tobacco and secondhand smoke exposure as well as to develop pharmacological intervention strategies for smoking cessation.1,3
1.Zhu, A.Z., Zhou, Q., Cox, L.S., et al.Variation in trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation does not alter the nicotine metabolite ratio or nicotine intakePLoS One8(8)e70938(2013) 2.von Weymarn, L.B., Retzlaff, C., and Murphy, S.E.CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine Δ5'(1')iminium ionJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.343(2)307-315(2012) 3.Murphy, S.E., Wickham, K.M., Lindgren, B.R., et al.Cotinine and trans 3'-hydroxycotinine in dried blood spots as biomarkers of tobacco exposure and nicotine metabolismJ. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidermiol.23(5)513-518(2013)
| Cas No. | 34834-67-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 3'R,5'S)-3'-羟基可替宁 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1N(C)[C@H](C2=CC=CN=C2)C[C@H]1O | ||
| 分子式 | C10H12N2O2 | 分子量 | 192.21 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol: 30 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.2026 mL | 26.0132 mL | 52.0264 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0405 mL | 5.2026 mL | 10.4053 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5203 mL | 2.6013 mL | 5.2026 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Concentrations of serum Hydroxycotinine for US adult smokers aged ≥ 20 years by type of smoker
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 Aug;28(32):43948-43955.PMID:33840034DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-13848-z.
Cross-sectional survey data (N = 3264) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013-2018 were used to investigate how serum Hydroxycotinine concentrations vary among US adult smokers aged ≥ 20 years by smoker type. Those reporting using tobacco products during the last 5 days were classified as smokers. Smokers were classified as being cigarette only smokers, cigar only smokers, cigar and cigarette smokers, dual cigarette and e-cigarette smokers, e-cigarette only smokers, smokeless tobacco only users, and all other smokers. Regression models stratified by smoker type with log10 transformed values of serum Hydroxycotinine as dependent variable were fitted to compute adjusted geometric means (AGM) for each type of smoker. The order in which various types of smokers were found to have AGMs for serum Hydroxycotinine was cigarette and e-cigarette users (64.61 ng/mL), cigarette only smokers (53.17 ng/mL), smokeless tobacco only users (44.89 ng/mL), cigar and cigarette smokers (36.99 ng/mL), e-cigarette only users (32.52 ng/mL), smokers of miscellaneous tobacco products (20.32 ng/mL), and cigar smokers only (10.75 ng/mL). Compared to this as presented in a recent study, the order in which serum cotinine AGMs were: smokeless tobacco only users (272 ng/mL), cigarette only smokers (152.5 ng/mL), cigarette-e-cigarette or e-cigarette only users (146.3 ng/mL), smokers of miscellaneous tobacco products (105.5 ng/mL), cigar and cigarette smokers (92.5 ng/mL), cigar smokers only (65.1 ng/mL). Among cigarette only smokers, males had lower AGM than females (47.18 vs. 59.91 ng/mL, p < 0.01), but the reverse was true for smokeless tobacco only and miscellaneous smokers. In general, differences for Hydroxycotinine levels did not exist among non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black smokers. Among US adults, cigarette only and dual cigarette-e-cigarette smokers had the highest, and cigar smokers had the lowest concentrations of serum Hydroxycotinine.
Concentrations of urine cotinine and Hydroxycotinine among US children, adolescents, and adults: data from NHANES 2013-2014
Biomarkers 2019 Dec;24(8):757-763.PMID:31640434DOI:10.1080/1354750X.2019.1684563.
Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate variabilities in the levels of urine cotinine and Hydroxycotinine by age, gender, race/ethnicity and smoking status among US residents.Materials and methods: Data from NHANES (N = 3135) were analysed by fitting regression models with log10-transformed values of urine cotinine and Hydroxycotinine as dependent variables. Separate models were fitted for children aged 6-11 years, adolescents aged 12-19 years, and adults aged ≥20 years. Models were stratified by smoking status. Those self-reporting using combustible and/or smokeless tobacco products during the last 5 days were classified as being smokers.Results: No gender differences were observed. Among non-smokers, non-Hispanic blacks had the highest levels of cotinine and Hydroxycotinine and Hispanics had the lowest levels of cotinine and Hydroxycotinine. Among smokers, non-Hispanic whites had the highest levels of cotinine and Hydroxycotinine. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and other indoor environments was associated with as much as 500% higher levels of cotinine and Hydroxycotinine.Conclusions: In addition to currently available data on cotinine in serum and NNAL in urine, availability of data on cotinine and Hydroxycotinine in urine provides another tool to monitor the smoking health of the US population.
Usefulness of salivary trans-3'-hydroxycotinine concentration and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio as biomarkers of cigarette smoke in pregnant women
J Anal Toxicol 2005 Oct;29(7):689-95.PMID:16419402DOI:10.1093/jat/29.7.689.
Nicotine is rapidly and extensively metabolized in humans and negatively impacts the developing fetus. The concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (Hydroxycotinine), and norcotinine in pregnant smokers' oral fluid were evaluated to determine usefulness as biomarkers of cigarette smoking. Sixteen participants were divided into two groups: eight light smokers (LS) who smoked < or =10 cigarettes/day and eight heavy smokers (HS) who smoked > or =20 cigarettes/day. Oral fluid specimens (n=415) were collected throughout pregnancy and analyzed with solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-electron impact selected ion monitoring. Median concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and Hydroxycotinine in oral fluid of LS ranged from 241.1 to 622.0, 80.6 to 387.5, and 14.4 to 117.7 ng/mL and for HS 146.5-1372.2, 66.0-245.8, and 38.3-184.4 ng/mL, respectively. Salivary cotinine and Hydroxycotinine concentrations were significantly correlated in LS (r = 0.55, p < 0.01) and HS (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). Ratios of Hydroxycotinine/cotinine in oral fluid from pregnant women averaged 0.30 +/- 0.18 (range, 0.07-1.05) for LS and 0.68 +/- 0.25 (range, 0.29-1.83) for HS. Based on these preliminary data, the best ratio to differentiate light from heavy pregnant smokers was 0.41. Salivary Hydroxycotinine and cotinine concentrations are both good biomarkers of cigarette smoking. Determining the Hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio may differentiate light from heavy tobacco use and help predict increased fetal tobacco exposure.
Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers
Nicotine Tob Res 2016 Sep;18(9):1813-9.PMID:27083213DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntw099.
Introduction: Nicotine dependence and smoking frequency are critical factors for smoking cessation. The aims of this study are (1) to determine if nicotine dependence Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores are associated with urinary levels of nicotine metabolites, (2) to assess the relationship of Hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio with FTND score and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), and (3) to identify significant predictors of cigarettes per day among biomarker concentrations and individual FTND items. Methods: Urine samples and questionnaire data of 239 daily smokers were obtained. Nicotine, cotinine and Hydroxycotinine urinary levels were determined by UPLC MS/MS.Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the relationship between nicotine, cotinine, Hydroxycotinine levels and separate FTND scores (for all six items). Results: We found significant correlations between the different urinary biomarker concentrations, and the FTND score. The time before the first cigarette after waking (TTFC) was significantly associated with the nicotine, cotinine and Hydroxycotinine concentrations. No association was found between the ratio of Hydroxycotinine to cotinine and either the FTND or the CPD. A model including four FTND questions, sex, age, and the cotinine concentration, accounted for 45% of the variance of CPD. Conclusions: There are significant relationships between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and Hydroxycotinine and the FTND score. Especially the FTND question about TTFC is relevant for explaining the biomarker concentrations. CPD (below 15) was significantly explained by four FTND dependence items and urinary cotinine levels in a regression model. Implications: We investigated associations between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and Hydroxycotinine in daily smokers and the FTND scores for nicotine dependence. We did not find association between the Hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and CPD. We developed a model that explains the cigarettes smoked daily (CPD) in a group of light smokers by combining FTND items, urinary cotinine levels, sex, and age. Our results might be of importance for clinical use or future studies on larger smoking populations.
Comparative analysis of the concentrations of serum cotinine and Hydroxycotinine for US children, adolescents, and adults: impact of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and other indoor environments
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 Apr;28(14):17627-17635.PMID:33403628DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-11838-1.
This study was carried out to investigate how serum cotinine and Hydroxycotinine concentrations compare and vary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home and other indoor environments. Data from NHANES for 2013-2018 for US children aged 3-11 years (N = 3834), nonsmoker (N = 1963) and smoker (N = 247) adolescents aged 12-19 years, and nonsmoker (N = 10,334) and smoker (N = 3264) adults aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed by fitting regression models with log10 transformed values of serum cotinine and Hydroxycotinine as dependent variables. Models stratified by age and smoking status were fitted. Those reporting using tobacco products during the last 5 days were classified as smokers. For cotinine, males had higher cotinine concentrations than females for children, adolescent smokers, and nonsmoker adults. Non-Hispanic Blacks were found to have lower concentrations of both cotinine and Hydroxycotinine than non-Hispanic Whites for adult smokers (p < 0.01) only. The ratio of concentrations of those exposed to ETS at home to those not exposed to ETS at home for Hydroxycotinine was 6.3 for nonsmoker adults and as low as 1.39 for adult smokers.