Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate
(Synonyms: 甘草酸二铵) 目录号 : GC35856
Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF?κB, TNF?α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
Cas No.:79165-06-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF?κB, TNF?α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
Intraperitoneal administration of DG protects mice against ConA-induced elevation of serum ALT levels and apoptosis of hepatocytes; at the same time, the absolute amount of hepatic NKT cells and T cells is significantly decreased, indicating that DG can inhibit the recruitment of lymphocytes into the liver. In addition, the production of IL-6 and IL-10 is improved by DG pretreatment, suggesting that DG may possibly protect the liver from injury via two pathways: direct protection of hepatocytes from apoptosis through an IL-6-dependent way and indirect inhibition of T-cell-mediated inflammation through an IL-10-dependent way[1]. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of nuclear factor κ?light?chain?enhancer of activated B cells (NF?κB), tumor necrosis factor?α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, which are thought to promote inflammatory injury. DG has neuroprotective potential against ischemia?reperfusion injury in a model of focal cerebral ischemic?reperfusion injury[2].
[1] Feng C, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007, 7(10):1292-8. [2] Yang J, et al. Planta Med. 2008, 74(11):1351-6.
| Cas No. | 79165-06-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 甘草酸二铵 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@]1(C(O)=O)CC[C@@]([C@]2(C1)[H])(CC[C@](C2=CC3=O)(C4(C)CC[C@](C(C)(C)C(O[C@@]5([H])O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O[C@@]6([H])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(C(O)=O)O6)CC7)([H])[C@@]7(C)[C@]43[H])C)C.[H]N([H])[H].[H]N([H])[H] | ||
| 分子式 | C42H68N2O16 | 分子量 | 856.99 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100mg/mL; Water : 100mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at 4°C, protect from light, filled inert atmosphere |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.1669 mL | 5.8344 mL | 11.6687 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2334 mL | 1.1669 mL | 2.3337 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1167 mL | 0.5834 mL | 1.1669 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate ameliorates portal hypertension by regulating portal macrophage oxidation and superoxide dismutase 3
Eur J Pharmacol 2022 Aug 15;929:175115.PMID:35738453DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175115.
Portal hypertension (PHT) is a complication of liver diseases. Increased intrahepatic vascular resistance is attributed to reduced bioavailability of vasodilator substances. The macrophage activation and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) involve in the pathogenesis of PHT. Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (DG) is the salt form of glycyrrhizin derived from Radix glycyrrhizae, exerting anti-oxidant activities and be beneficial for liver injury. Here, we aimed to investigate effects of DG on PHT and explore its underlying mechanisms on regulation of macrophages and SOD3. The carbon tetrachloride induced PHT rats received administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate for hepatic macrophage depletion, or PBS liposomes for matched control. DG (25 mg/kg) or vehicle was gavaged. Portal pressure in vivo, and serum biomarkers of macrophage activation were measured. The nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) bioavailability was evaluated in the isolated portal perfused rat livers. Liver tissues were collected to evaluate cirrhosis, macrophage oxidation, and SOD3 activity. Depletion of hepatic macrophages decreased portal pressure, increased bioavailability of NO and PGI2, and restored SOD3 activity. DG effectively decreased portal pressure, relieved cirrhosis, inhibited macrophage activation. DG increased bioavailability of NO and PGI2 to relax portal veins. DG relieved portal macrophage oxidation through decreasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 and inducible NO synthase expressions, elevated SOD3 activities and increased SOD3 expressions at portal triads. These findings indicated that DG restored SOD3 activity, against portal macrophage oxidation, protected bioavailability of NO and PGI2, thereby reduced portal pressure. It suggested a potential use of DG for PHT treatment.
Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Preparation for Liver Function Recovery in Chronic Hepatitis B in China: A Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Curr Pharm Des 2022;28(25):2089-2112.PMID:35593360DOI:10.2174/1381612828666220421134910.
Background: The treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) comprises a global medical problem, and the first-line clinical drugs have obvious shortcomings. The use of the plant extract Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (DG) in food and medicine has gradually widened because of its safety and effectiveness. DG is mainly used for liver-disease treatment in clinical practice, but DG intervention for CHB lacks systematic evidence. Methods: The included randomized controlled trials were analyzed by comparator and control respectively for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) levels, hepatitis B virus DNA negative conversion ratio, and total effective rate, and subgroup analysis was conducted for intervention time, intervention dosage form, comparator drug, and combination drug, among others. Trial sequential analysis was used to verify the results. Result: DG could effectively reduce ALT, AST, TBIL, and other liver-function indexes and had a definite effect on liver-function recovery. From the beginning of the intervention to 3 months, the effect was significantly better than that of conventional treatment. Compared with other drugs, different dosage forms had differences in efficacy, and DG enteric-coated capsules and injections were lower than compound glycyrrhizin and magnesium isoglycyrrhizin. Meanwhile, DG capsules had no significant difference from them. Meanwhile, trial sequential analysis of the main results confirmed the reliability of the conclusion. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this was the first relatively complete meta-analysis and systematic evaluation of the efficacy of DG intervention for CHB; liver-function recovery was discussed in the context of traditional Chinese medicine thinking, and DG's therapeutic effect on CHB was defined.
Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on pharmacokinetics of omeprazole by regulating cytochrome P450 enzymes and plasma protein binding rate
Xenobiotica 2019 Aug;49(8):975-980.PMID:30215539DOI:10.1080/00498254.2018.1523486.
1. In clinical practice, Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is usually used with omeprazole in patients with viral hepatitis and cirrhosis accompanied by peptic ulcers. However, the drug interaction between Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate and omeprazole remains unclear. 2. In this study, the effects of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole was investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: omeprazole and omeprazole + Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated after oral administration. It was found that using the omeprazole along with the Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate increased the AUC, AUMC, Cmax for omeprazole. 3. For this reason, we used the LC-MS/MS to detect the binding rate of plasma protein (BRPP) of omeprazole in rats, it was found that Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate could decrease the BRPP in rats. In addition, we found that Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate specifically inhibited the enzyme activity of the CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, which are involved in the metabolism of the omeprazole. 4. These results mean that Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate could inhibit the metabolism and increase the plasma concentration of the omeprazole in rats. Overall, Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate can influence the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole by inhibiting CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities and decreasing BRPP of omeprazole.
Efficacy of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate in the treatment of rosacea with papules and pustules: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Dermatol Ther 2022 Dec;35(12):e15905.PMID:36200523DOI:10.1111/dth.15905.
Rosacea is a kind of chronic inflammatory skin disease that usually occurs in the middle of the face. Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (DG), an effective monomer component extracted from licorice, has extensive anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, and immunomodulatory effects. There is no research on its therapeutic effect on rosacea. In this study, we divided rosacea patients mainly characterized by papules and pustules randomly into three groups. Group A received clarithromycin 500 mg once a day, isotretinoin 10 mg once a day; Group B received DG 150 mg three times a day, other medicines were the same as Group A; Group C received clarithromycin 250 mg once a day, isotretinoin 10 mg once every 2 days, and DG 150 mg three times a day. All patients' symptom scores and laboratory tests were evaluated when followed up. We found that DG combined with clarithromycin and isotretinoin in the treatment of rosacea was more effective and quicker than clarithromycin and isotretinoin alone. Moreover, half common dosage of clarithromycin and isotretinoin combined with DG could achieve the same therapeutic effect as the conventional dose, and brought about lower incidences of adverse events (AEs). Therefore, it is recommended to use half common dosage of routine medication combined with DG for rosacea patients mainly characterized by papules and pustules.
Efficacy of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate combined with vitamin C for treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective, observational study
QJM 2022 Feb 21;115(2):77-83.PMID:34314507DOI:10.1093/qjmed/hcab184.
Background: The current global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown limited responses to medical treatments. Aims: To observe the effect of combination treatment of giammonium glycyrrhizinate and vitamin C (DV) on the prognoses of patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational study recruited 207 COVID-19 patients from Tongji Hospital, patients were assigned to DV and non-DV groups on the basis of the DV treatment. To make the results more credible, a propensity score matching (PSM) approach was adopted at a 1:3 ratio to determine the participants. Logistic analysis was used to assess the effect of DV therapy in the progress of COVID-19. Results: In the DV group, the new-onset incidence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after admission was clearly lower than that in the non-DV group (DV vs. non-DV groups, 15.2% vs. 35.7%; P = 0.002). Compared with the non-DV group, the DV group showed fewer new onset of complications (such as ARDS, acute liver injury and acute myocardial injury) (DV vs. non-DV groups, 19.6% vs. 46.1%; P = 0.000). Moreover, DG+VC may help to recover the count of NK cells and decrease the level of sIL-2R. Conclusions: DG+VC might be a promising candidate for preventing the deterioration of COVID-19 patients, which is worthy to be studied in large and perspective cohort.