Ethylparaben (Ethyl parahydroxybenzoate)
(Synonyms: 羟苯乙酯; Ethyl parahydroxybenzoate; Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) 目录号 : GC30447
A paraben with diverse biological activities
Cas No.:120-47-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Ethylparaben is a paraben that has been found in A. bracteatus and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It selectively induces activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) over ERα in yeast two-hybrid assays (EC50s = 1.86 and 38.2 ?M, respectively). Ethylparaben inhibits carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), CAII, CAVII, CAIX, CAXII, and CAXIV (IC50s = 7.9, 4.8, 8.7, 8.2, 8.6, and 7.7 ?M, respectively, for the human enzymes).2 It is active against several strains of P. stutzeri and P. aeruginosa (MICs = 400-1,000 ?g/ml).3 Ethylparaben (0.01 and 0.1%) is cytotoxic to immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells.4 It has been found in influent and effluent wastewater.5 Formulations containing ethylparaben have been used as preservatives in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
1.Cao, X., Jiang, J., Zhang, S., et al.Discovery of natural estrogen receptor modulators with structure-based virtual screeningBioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.23(11)3329-3333(2013) 2.Carta, F., Vullo, D., Maresca, A., et al.Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIVBioorg. Med. Chem.21(6)1564-1569(2013) 3.Tattawasart, U., Maillard, J.-Y., Furr, J.R., et al.Comparative responses of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial agentsJ. Appl. Microbiol.87(3)323-331(1999) 4.Wang, J., Liu, Y., Kam, W.R., et al.Toxicity of the cosmetic preservatives parabens, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin on human meibomian gland epithelial cellsExp. Eye Res.196108057(2020) 5.Wang, W., and Kannan, K.Fate of parabens and their metabolites in two wastewater treatment plants in New York state, United StatesEnviron. Sci. Technol.50(3)1174-1181(2016)
| Cas No. | 120-47-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 羟苯乙酯; Ethyl parahydroxybenzoate; Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(OCC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C9H10O3 | 分子量 | 166.17 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 1.7 mg/mL (10.23 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.0179 mL | 30.0897 mL | 60.1793 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2036 mL | 6.0179 mL | 12.0359 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.009 mL | 6.0179 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Parabens in human urine from several Asian countries, Greece, and the United States
Parabens, esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, are commonly used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products. Although several studies report exposure of humans to parabens in Western countries, little is known about exposure of humans to parabens in Asian countries. In this study, we determined concentrations of six parabens in spot urine samples collected from nine countries and estimated daily intakes (DI) and potential health risks of parabens. Ethyl-paraben, methyl-paraben, and propyl-paraben were detected frequently at 100, 98.0, and 80.3%, respectively, with representative median concentrations of 0.68, 7.02, and 1.21 ng/mL, respectively, for all nine countries. Urine samples from females (total median concentration: 32.3 ng/mL) contained significantly higher concentrations of parabens than did those from males (5.46 ng/mL). Urine samples from Korea (total median paraben concentration: 227 ng/mL) had the highest concentrations, which were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those found in other countries (3.67-29.1 ng/mL). The estimated DI of parabens (on the basis of concentrations measured in urine) varied widely, and several samples had propyl-paraben exposures above the acceptable DI. Our results suggest that paraben exposure is ubiquitous in Asian countries, and further assessment of potential health risk of these chemicals is needed.
Urinary Paraben Concentration and Its Association with Serum Triglyceride Concentration in 2013-2014 NHANES Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, colloquially known as parabens, are types of preservatives found in multiple foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products to which Americans are exposed daily. It is unclear if parabens exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties. Parabens may interact with triglycerides in adipose tissue and impact lipid metabolism.
Objective: To evaluate the association between urinary paraben concentrations and serum triglyceride concentrations.
Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting. The Mobile Examination Centers affiliated with 2013-2014 NHANES. Participant(s). 827 adults (20 years or older) affiliated with the 2013-2014 NHANES. Intervention(s). None. Main Outcome Measure(s). Triglyceride levels were associated with urinary paraben concentrations (methyl, ethyl, and propyl) using a hierarchical multiple regression, adjusting for ethnicity/race, gender, BMI, and age. Unadjusted results are also reported.
Results: The geometric mean of the urinary concentration of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben was 57.100, 2.537, and 6.537 ng/ml, respectively. Triglyceride concentrations were inversely associated with methylparaben (β = -0.092, P=0.07), ethylparaben (β = -0.066, P=0.045), and propylparaben (β = -0.076, P=0.025). Being female, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black were associated with decreasing triglyceride levels in the presence of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben, and age, BMI, and being male were associated with increasing circulating triglycerides.
Conclusion: Despite the potential detrimental effects of parabens on triglycerides, our results suggest that urinary excretions of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben are associated with lower concentrations of circulating triglycerides in certain populations. Further research is needed to confirm the mechanisms and health impact of this relationship.
Phthalates, Para-Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Bisphenol-A, and Gonadal Hormones' Effects on Susceptibility to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
This study aimed to examine whether endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates, para-hydroxybenzoic acids, and bisphenol-A (BPA), affect gonadal hormones and further link to the susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 98 boys with ADHD, 32 girls with ADHD, 42 boys without ADHD and any other psychiatric disorders, and 26 girls without ADHD and any other psychiatric disorders. Urine levels of EDCs, including mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), and bisphenol A (BPA), were examined. Endocrine systems were evaluated by using the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and prolactin. We found that boys with ADHD had higher levels of MnBP and EP than control boys. There were no significant differences regarding EDCs between the females with ADHD and control groups. No significant differences in testosterone, free testosterone, FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, or SHBG were found between the ADHD group and controls among either boys or girls. Among boys with ADHD, urine MBzP and MEHP levels were positively correlated with serum testosterone levels. Among girls, urine MEP levels were positively correlated with serum LH, testosterone, and free testosterone levels. The findings suggest that the possibility of an adverse impact of EDCs on gonadal hormones and neurodevelopment may exist. However, the results could be subject to potential selection bias, and the findings in this study should be interpreted with caution.
Occurrence and Profile Characteristics of the Pesticide Imidacloprid, Preservative Parabens, and Their Metabolites in Human Urine from Rural and Urban China
Knowledge of human exposure to imidacloprid, the most extensively used insecticide, and para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), the most extensively used preservative, is insufficient. In this study, 295 urine samples collected from subjects in rural and urban areas in China were analyzed for imidacloprid and four parabens (namely, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) as well as their major metabolites (namely, 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB)). Imidacloprid was detected in 100% of the urine samples from rural Chinese subjects and 95% of the urine samples from urban Chinese subjects. Concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural Chinese subjects (geometric mean (GM) = 0.18 ng/mL) were slightly higher than those detected in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 0.15 ng/mL) when the effect of pesticide spraying was excluded. However, concentrations of urinary imidacloprid detected in rural adults increased significantly in the subsequent days of pesticide spraying (GM = 0.62 ng/mL), which could return to the normal levels within 3 days. In contrast, concentrations of urinary parabens detected in rural Chinese subjects (GM = 6.90 ng/mL) were lower than that in urban Chinese subjects (GM = 30.5 ng/mL). In addition, the metabolism characteristics of imidacloprid to 6-ClNA and parabens to p-HB were discussed preliminarily.