Esonarimod (KE-298)
(Synonyms: KE-298) 目录号 : GC31933
Esonarimod (KE-298) (KE-298) 是一种抗风湿药。
Cas No.:101973-77-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Kinase experiment: | Enzyme activity of NOS is determined using an assay kit for NOS activity. Briefly, the lysate from RAW264.7 cells (a protein concentration of 37.5 μg/200 μL) is incubated for 3 h at 37°C with 100 mM of L-arginine in the presence of Esonarimod (KE-298) and the conversion of L-arginine to nitrite is monitored. The nitrite generated in the reaction mixture is assayed using Griess reagent[1]. |
Cell experiment: | in vitro experiment, Esonarimod (KE-298) is dissolved in ethanol and diluted with culture medium or distilled water.--> RAW264.7 cells are used in this study. For NO production, RAW264.7 cells [2×105/0.2 mL of RPMI-1640 supplemented by 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin G (100 U/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL)] are stimulated with 100 ng/mL of Escherichia coli 026:B6 lipopolysaccharide in the presence of Esonarimod (KE-298) (0, 10, 30, 100, 200, 300 μg/mL) in 96 well plates and incubated 24 h at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. After incubation, the supernatants are collected and assayed for nitrite (NO2-) instead of NO[1]. |
Animal experiment: | Seven-week-old male Wistar rats are used in this study. The animals are fasted overnight before dosing and for up to 4 h after dosing, except for the study on tissue distribution after repeated oral administration. The rats are grouped, three or four rats per group. Esonarimod (14C-KE-298) is administered orally by gastric intubation in a dose of 5 mg/kg once daily for 21 days. At 20 min, 24 h or 21 days after dosing with Esonarimod, the rats are anaesthetized with ether and blood samples are collected from the femoral aorta into heparinized containers. The liver, kidney, lung, aorta and skin are excised and weighed. Tissues (except aorta) are homogenized with ice-cold physiological saline to yield a 20% homogenate[2]. |
References: [1]. Inoue T, et al. KE-298 and its active metabolite KE-758 suppress nitric oxide production by murine macrophage cells and peritoneal cells from rats with adjuvant induced arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001 Jun;28(6):1229-37. | |
Esonarimod is an antirheumatic drug.
Esonarimod (KE-298) (10 to 300 μg/mL) suppresses the production of NO by RAW264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 of Esonarimod is 117.5 μg/mL. Esonarimod does not affect cellular viability at these tested doses. Esonarimod has no direct effect on NOS activity in cell-free extracts of RAW264.7 cells[1].
After repeated oral administration of Esonarimod (14C-KE-298), the radioactivity decreases rapidly and no tendency towards accumulation is found[2].
[1]. Inoue T, et al. KE-298 and its active metabolite KE-758 suppress nitric oxide production by murine macrophage cells and peritoneal cells from rats with adjuvant induced arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001 Jun;28(6):1229-37. [2]. Hasegawa M, et al. Formation of a disulfide protein conjugate of the SH-group-containing metabolite (M-I) ofesonarimod (KE-298) and its elimination in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;54(4):493-8.
| Cas No. | 101973-77-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | KE-298 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC=C(C(CC(CSC(C)=O)C(O)=O)=O)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C14H16O4S | 分子量 | 280.34 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.5671 mL | 17.8355 mL | 35.671 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7134 mL | 3.5671 mL | 7.1342 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3567 mL | 1.7835 mL | 3.5671 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Formation of a disulfide protein conjugate of the SH-group-containing metabolite (M-I) of esonarimod (KE-298) and its elimination in rats
The reactivity of the thiol moiety of the active main metabolite (M-I) of esonarimod (KE-298), a novel anti-rheumatic agent, was investigated in rats. After repeated oral administration of 14C-KE-298, the radioactivity decreased rapidly and no tendency towards accumulation was found, in marked contrast to other common SH-group-containing drugs. At 30 min after intravenous administration of 14C-M-I to rats, the concentration of the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate in plasma was extremely low at 0.143 nmol mL(-1) (0.66% of total plasma radioactivity). The 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate that formed in rat plasma was mixed disulfide with plasma protein. After intravenous administration of synthetic 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate to rats, the radioactivity in plasma decreased rapidly, with the terminal half-life at 6.90 h. In-vitro, the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate was readily dissociated by the endogenous thiol compounds, cysteine and glutathione. These results suggest that the reactivity of the thiol moiety of M-I is extremely low. Furthermore, the 14C-M-I plasma protein conjugate decreased rapidly in-vivo, which would be related to interaction with endogenous thiol compounds. These properties of M-I are principally responsible for the zero accumulation in rat tissues. KE-298 could therefore be expected to have reduced adverse effects compared with other SH-group-containing anti-rheumatic drugs.
KE-298 and its active metabolite KE-758 suppress nitric oxide production by murine macrophage cells and peritoneal cells from rats with adjuvant induced arthritis
Objective: To analyze the effects of KE-298 and KE-758 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production by the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line, and the effect of KE-758 on spontaneous NO production by peritoneal cells from rats with adjuvant induced arthritis.
Methods: The amount of NO was determined using Griess reagents. The proteins for inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected by Western blot, then mRNA for interferon-beta (IFN)-beta, IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), and iNOS were detected by RT-PCR. Degradation of iNOS mRNA was analyzed using Northern blot. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in nuclear extracts was determined by EMSA. Adjuvant arthritis in rats was induced by inoculating heat killed Mycobacterium butyricum s.c. in the tail.
Results: KE-298 and KE-758 suppressed NO production by LPS activated RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting iNOS gene expression. Neither LPS induced NF-kappa B activation nor degradation of iNOS mRNA was affected by KE-758 treatment. LPS induced IFN-beta and IRF-1 gene expression were markedly suppressed by KE-758. In rats with adjuvant induced arthritis, enhanced NO and iNOS production by cultured peritoneal cells and the development of arthritis were suppressed by KE-758.
Conclusion: KE-758 suppressed LPS induced iNOS gene expression by murine macrophage cells by inhibiting IFN-beta/IRF-1 expression. The potential of KE-758 to inhibit iNOS production might partly explain its efficacy on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.
Effects of a new anti-rheumatic drug KE-298 and its active metabolite: KE-758 on secretion of thioredoxin and on the level of intracellular glutathione in human monocytes and T cells
Thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) are key regulators of the cellular balance of reduction/oxidation (redox). The impaired redox balance in joint cellular circumstances participates in immune dysfunctions seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analyzed effects of a newly developed anti-rheumatic drug, KE-298 (2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid) and it is active metabolite; KE-758 (2-mercaptomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid) on the secretion of TRX and the level of intracellular GSH in THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line and in Jurkat cells, a human T cell leukemia cell line, then we compared their effects with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). KE-298 (10-100 microg/ml) and KE-758 (10-100 microg/ml) as well as a high concentration of NAC (10mM) dose-dependently inhibited the secretion of TRX by THP-1 and Jurkat cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the suppressive effects of KE-298 and KE-758 on TRX secretion could be partly explained by the inhibition of TRX mRNA expression. On the other hand, KE-758 as well as a high concentration of NAC significantly increased the level of intracellular GSH. Thus, KE-298 is a novel sulphydryl drug which regulates the redox state of cellular circumstances. The potential of KE-298 to suppress the secretion of TRX and to increase the level of intracellular GSH may partly explain the efficacy in cases of RA.
Mechanistic studies on metabolic chiral inversion of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-748), an active metabolite of the new anti-rheumatic agent 2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-298), in rats
The chiral inversion properties of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-methylthiomethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-748), an active metabolite of 2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (KE-298), were compared with those of ibuprofen in rats. After administration of R(-)-[2 alpha-2H]KE-748, S(+)-KE-748 was present in the rat plasma, and the deuterium atoms of the S(+)-enantiomer were almost all replaced by hydrogen atoms. After administration of S(+)-[2 alpha-2H]KE-748, the deuterium content of S(+)-KE-748 in the plasma remained intact. In the in vitro study, using a cell-free system and rat liver homogenates, the chiral inversion of ibuprofen was apparent when both CoA and ATP were present; however, KE-748 was not inverted. In the study on isolated rat hepatocytes, the unidirectional chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-enantiomer was observed for both ibuprofen and KE-748. When R(-)-ibuprofen was incubated with medium and long chain fatty acids (carbon chain length C6 to C16), using isolated hepatocytes, the chiral inversion decreased significantly. On the other hand, when R(-)-KE-748 was incubated with short and medium chain fatty acids (carbon chain length C3 to C8), chiral inversion was inhibited markedly. To induce hepatic microsomal long chain fatty acid CoA ligase, rats were treated with clofibric acid (CF rats). In both in vitro and in vivo experiments on CF rats, chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-ibuprofen was enhanced significantly compared with that in controls, whereas the enhancement was not observed in the case of R(-)-KE-748. There was no influence of benzoic acid, a typical substrate on medium chain fatty acid CoA ligase in the mitochondrial matrix, on chiral inversion of R(-)-ibuprofen, using, isolated hepatocytes. In contrast, the chiral inversion from R(-)-to S(+)-KE-748 was strongly inhibited in the presence of benzoic acid. These results indicate that chiral inversion of R(-)-KE-748 may proceed via formation of the CoA-thioester intermediate with loss of the 2 alpha-methine proton, in a manner similar to that seem with R(-)-ibuprofen. However, the enzymes needed to form CoA-thioester of R(-)-KE-748 differ from those for R(-)-ibuprofen.
Pharmacological profile of KE-758, the main metabolite of the antirheumatic agent KE-298
KE-298(2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid) is a newly developed antirheumatic drug which suppresses the development of arthritis in animal models and has immunomodulatory effects. KE-298 is converted into the deacetylated form, KE-758 (2-mercaptomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid), the main serum metabolite in humans, and circulates in peripheral blood following oral administration. The authors compared effects of KE-758 and KE-298 on inflammatory cytokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced thymocyte proliferation (LAF) activity, adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and lymphocyte transformation test in mice. KE-758 exhibited almost the same effect as KE-298 both in vitro and in vivo. The authors consider that KE-758 is pharmacologically a metabolite form of KE-298, in vivo.