DTE (Dithioerythritol)
(Synonyms: 二硫代赤藓醇,Dithioerythritol; Cleland’s reagent) 目录号 : GC33483
DTE（二硫代赤藓糖醇）（Dithioerythritol）是一种含硫糖，衍生自相应的4碳单糖赤藓糖；是二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 的差向异构体。
Cas No.:6892-68-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
DTE (Dithioerythritol) is a sulfur containing sugar derived from the corresponding 4-carbon monosaccharide erythrose; is an epimer of dithiothreitol(DTT).
[1]. Dithioerythritol, From Wikipedia
| Cas No. | 6892-68-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 二硫代赤藓醇,Dithioerythritol; Cleland’s reagent | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]([C@H](O)CS)CS | ||
| 分子式 | C4H10O2S2 | 分子量 | 154.25 |
| 溶解度 | Water : ≥ 100 mg/mL (648.30 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.483 mL | 32.4149 mL | 64.8298 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2966 mL | 6.483 mL | 12.966 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6483 mL | 3.2415 mL | 6.483 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Dithioerythritol (DTE) prevents inhibitory effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on the key enzymes of the human sex steroid hormone metabolism
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003 Apr;84(5):569-76.PMID:12767282DOI:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00074-8.
Organotins are known to induce imposex (pseudohermaphroditism) in marine neogastropods and are suggested to act as specific endocrine disruptors, inhibiting the enzyme-mediated conversion of steroid hormones. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on human 5alpha-reductase type 2 (5alpha-Re 2), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD 3), 3beta-HSD type 2 and 17beta-HSD type 1 activity. First, the present study demonstrates that significant amounts of TPT occurred in the blood of eight human volunteers (0.17-0.67 microg organotin cation/l, i.e. 0.49-1.92 nmolcation/l). Second, TPT showed variable inhibitory effects on all the enzymes investigated. The mean IC(50) values were 0.95 microM for 5alpha-Re 2 (mean of n=4 experiments), 1.5 microM for P450arom (n=5), 4.0 microM for 3beta-HSD 2 (n=1), 4.2 microM for 17beta-HSD 3 (n=3) and 10.5 microM for 17beta-HSD 1 (n=3). To exclude the possibility that the impacts of TPT are mediated by oxidizing essential thiol residues of the enzymes, the putative compensatory effects of the reducing agent Dithioerythritol (DTE) were investigated. Co-incubation with DTE (n=3) resulted in dose-response prevention of the inhibitory effects of 100 microM deleterious TPT concentrations on 17beta-HSD 3 (EC(50) value of 12.9 mM; mean of n=3 experiments), 3beta-HSD 2 (0.90 mM; n=3), P450 arom (0.91 mM; n=3) and 17beta-HSD 1 (0.21 mM; n=3) activity. With these enzymes, the use of 10mM DTE resulted in an at least 80% antagonistic effect, whereas, the effect of TPT on 5alpha-Re 2 was not compensated. In conclusion, the present study shows that TPT acts as an unspecific, but significant inhibitor of human sex steroid hormone metabolism and suggests that the inhibitory effects are mediated by the interaction of TPT with critical cysteine residues of the enzymes.
AHG and DTE/AHG procedure identification of crossmatch-appropriate donor-recipient pairings that result in improved graft survival
Transplantation 1991 Feb;51(2):316-20.PMID:1994522DOI:10.1097/00007890-199102000-00008.
We compared our standard NIH (extended incubation) crossmatch (XM) with antihuman globulin (AHG) and flow cytometry crossmatches (FCXM) and correlated the results with primary cadaveric and retransplant graft survivals. In addition, we treated the XM sera with the reducing reagent Dithioerythritol (DTE) to discriminate IgM from IgG immunoglobulin reactivity. For the 166 CsA-Pred-treated primary cadaveric renal allograft recipients the 1-year graft survival rate following an NIH-NEG XM was 81%. NIH-XM-NEG recipients who were also AHG-XM-NEG displayed an 82% 1-year graft survival as well. In contrast, NIH-NEG, but AHG-POS XM primary CAD recipients displayed a significantly reduced graft survival rate of 67%. Treatment of AHG-POS XM sera with DTE-delineated DTE/AHG-NEG and POS crossmatches associated with significantly different graft survivals of 83% and 0%, respectively, for these primary recipients. Flow cytometry XM results did not improve on the AHG-NEG or DTE/AHG-NEG XM primary graft survivals. These results were seen whether testing pre-Tx or historical (Hx) sera. For Re-Tx recipients an AHG-NEG XM resulted in significantly improved graft survival compared with the NIH-XM-NEG results. The overall 1-year graft survival rate for the 70 Re-Tx recipients studied was 64% (following a NEG pre-Tx NIH-XM). Re-Tx recipients with an AHG-NEG XM displayed an improved graft survival compared with NIH-XM-NEG recipients (77% vs. 64%, P less than 0.05) and with AHG-POS recipients (77% vs. 36%, P less than 0.01). However, treatment of Re-Tx, AHG-POS sera with DTE resulted in comparably poor graft survival rates of 31% and 50% for DTE/AHG-NEG and POS crossmatches, respectively. A FCXM did not improve on the results of Re-Tx graft survival following an AHG-NEG XM. These results were obtained whether testing pre-Tx or Hx sera. HLA matching, PRA, and the time the first Tx was lost did not influence the Re-Tx graft survival outcome following an AHG-NEG XM. Therefore, successful primary cadaveric renal allograft survival can be accomplished following either an AHG-NEG XM or an AHG-DTE-NEG XM. Re-Tx graft survival is significantly improved following an AHG-NEG XM. Re-Tx recipients with an AHG-POS XM who are either DTE/AHG-POS or -NEG display reduced graft survivals compared with AHG-NEG Re-Tx recipients.
A pH-metric, UV, NMR, and X-ray crystallographic study on arsenous acid reacting with Dithioerythritol
Inorg Chem 2008 May 5;47(9):3832-40.PMID:18380458DOI:10.1021/ic7024439.
The aqueous solutions of arsenous acid with the meso and racemic forms of 1,4-dithiol-butane-2,3-diol, namely, Dithioerythritol (DTE) and dithiothreitol (dtt), respectively, were titrated pH-metrically in different molar ratios. The p K a values determined for As(OH) 3, and dtt were in good accordance with the literature data, and we determined for the first time the p K a value of DTE. The deprotonation steps of both M (As(OH) 3 considered as a central metal ion) and H 2L components DTE and dtt (considered as ligands) appeared at a higher pH in the titration curves of the ternary systems (M, H 2L, H (+)) than in the individual component. This unusual observation is explained by the condensation reactions between the reagents taking place in the pH < 8 range. In the solutions of c As(III) > 5.10 (-3) M, the precipitate formed upon mixing the arsenous acid and H 2L solutions in neutral medium, and the formation of the precipitate shifted toward acidic pH on the increase of the total concentrations. This indicated that pH-metry can follow the reactions only in an indirect way. Useful, but not satisfactory, information can be obtained by means of this method alone. Combined with NMR and UV spectroscopic measurements it is revealed that depending on the As(III)/H 2L molar ratio, different complexes form in the solutions. In the species with 1:2 composition, one of the ligands is strongly bound to the arsenic(III) probably via its two thiolate, while the second one is attached only weakly. The crystal structure of an As(III)-dte crystal of 1:1 composition, grown from ethanolic solution, shows that As(III) binds the ligand through its three p-orbitals in a manner similar to that expected in aqueous solution. While the uptake of the second ligand cannot be detected by pH-metry, the decomposition of thioether bonds above pH approximately 10 is confirmed by the change in UV spectra at approximately 265 nm to be a base-consuming process. In such alkaline solutions, most probably, rearrangement of the bonding scheme occurs, resulting in ligands being bound to the arsenic(III) through the oxygen donor atoms.
A quantitative investigation of proton- and lead(II)-dithioerythritol complex equilibria under physiological conditions
Talanta 1992 Apr;39(4):397-403.PMID:18965393DOI:10.1016/0039-9140(92)80154-6.
Dithioerythritol (DTE) is frequently employed as a reducing agent or a protective reagent for thiol groups in biological assays. Owing to its known inhibiting properties in enzyme catalysis reactions, lead is also commonly used in such experiments, and often simultaneously with DTE. Given the potential affinity of these two reactants, their measured individual effects may well depend on their interactions in the medium used. Any quantitative assessment of these interactions necessitates, however, that the complex equilibria between lead and DTE be investigated beforehand. To test this hypothesis, the formation constants of lead(II) complexes with DTE under physiological conditions (37 degrees, NaCl 0.15M) have been calculated from the results of glass electrode potentiometry, with the help of the MINIQUAD and ESTA computer programs. The pK values for dissociation of DTE have been found equal to 8.926 +/- 0.003 and 9.840 +/- 0.003. The following lead-DTE species have been characterized: ML (12.774 +/- 0.037), MLH(-1) (2.858 +/- 0.037), M(2)LH(-1) (13.349 +/- 0.025) and M(6)L(5) (86.586 +/- 0.099); the log *beta-values are given in the parentheses. Appropriate computer simulations effectively show that the interactions of the two reactants are indeed quite significant within the concentration ranges commonly used in in vitro biological assays. They should thus be taken into account in interpretation of the effects observed.
2,3-Dithioerythritol, a possible new arsenic antidote
Chem Res Toxicol 1989 Sep-Oct;2(5):301-6.PMID:2562424DOI:10.1021/tx00011a006.
British antilewisite (2,3-dimercaptopropanol; BAL) has long been used as an arsenic antidote, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its inherent toxicity. We synthesized two less toxic derivatives of BAL and investigated their potential as antidotes to organic arsenic. The new compounds, 2,3-dithioerythritol (DTE) and 2,2-dimethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dithiolane (isopropylidene derivative of BAL), react readily with phenyldichloroarsine (PDA) to yield the expected corresponding cyclic 1,3-dithioarsolanes. The BAL derivatives were compared to BAL in terms of their cytotoxicity and their ability to rescue PDA-poisoned mouse lymphoma cells in culture. The dithiolane was not a good antidote in the cultured cell system. In contrast, DTE was less toxic than BAL or DMSA and was superior at improving cell survival in PDA-exposed cells.