DIMBOA
(Synonyms: 丁布) 目录号 : GC60138
DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one) is a benzoxazinoid (BX), is a secondary metabolite in grasses .
Cas No.:15893-52-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.00%
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- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 |
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Preparation Method |
P. putida KT2440 cells were grown to mid-exponential phase in 100 mL M9 medium before DIMBOA was added to a final concentration of 5 µg mL-1. After 1 hour of exposure, cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4°C. |
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Reaction Conditions |
5 µg mL-1, 1h |
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Applications |
P. putida KT2440 appears relatively tolerant to DIMBOA in comparison to other soil bacteria. For all subsequent experiments, DIMBOA was employed at concentrations of 5 µg mL-1 (0.023 mM). |
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References: [1]: Neal A L, Ahmad S, Gordon-Weeks R, et al. Benzoxazinoids in root exudates of maize attract Pseudomonas putida to the rhizosphere[J]. PloS one, 2012, 7(4): e35498. |
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DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one) is a benzoxazinoid (BX), is a secondary metabolite in grasses [1]. DIMBOA act as antibiotic and allelochemical, part of the chemical defense system of graminaceous plants such as maize, wheat, and rye [1,2]. DIMBOA possess growth inhibitory properties against many strains of studied bacteria and fungi, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli as well as against Saccharomyces cerevisiae [2]. Once released, BXs degrade relatively quickly in aqueous environments with a half-life of less than 24 hours [1].
DIMBOA is weak bacterial mutagens and furthermore caused aneuploidy in human-derived liver cells (HepG2 cells) [3]. DIMBOA showed genotoxic effects in HepG2 cell line [4].
DIMBOA showed the antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. DIMBOA also significantly affect bacterial growth, reduce biofilm formation, and inhibit swarming motility within 24 h [5].
References:
[1]. Neal A L, Ahmad S, Gordon-Weeks R, et al. Benzoxazinoids in root exudates of maize attract Pseudomonas putida to the rhizosphere[J]. PloS one, 2012, 7(4): e35498.
[2]. Gleńsk M, Gajda B, Franiczek R, et al. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of DIMBOA [2, 4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3 (4 H)-one][J]. Natural product research, 2016, 30(11): 1305-1308.
[3]. Buchmann C A, Nersesyan A, Kopp B, et al. Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2, 4-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), two naturally occurring benzoxazinones contained in sprouts of Gramineae are potent aneugens in human-derived liver cells (HepG2)[J]. Cancer letters, 2007, 246(1-2): 290-299.
[4]. Buchmann C, Nersesyan A, Kopp B, et al. DIMBOA and DIBOA, two naturally occuring benzoxazinoides, cause aneuploidy in a human-derived liver cell line (HepG2)[C]//BMC Pharmacology. BioMed Central, 2007, 7(2): 1-1.
[5]. Guo B, Zhang Y, Li S, et al. Extract from maize (Zea mays L.): antibacterial activity of DIMBOA and its derivatives against Ralstonia solanacearum[J]. Molecules, 2016, 21(10): 1397.
| Cas No. | 15893-52-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 丁布 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(O)OC2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1O | ||
| 分子式 | C9H9NO5 | 分子量 | 211.17 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 125 mg/mL (591.94 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.7355 mL | 23.6776 mL | 47.3552 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9471 mL | 4.7355 mL | 9.471 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4736 mL | 2.3678 mL | 4.7355 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Potential Effect of DIMBOA (2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) on Alleviating the Autotoxic Coumarin Stress in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) Seedlings
Life (Basel) 2022 Dec 19;12(12):2140.PMID:36556505DOI:10.3390/life12122140.
The allelopathic theory has garnered considerable attention in the field of agricultural production for its efficient plant protection, rapid crop yield increase, and scientific establishment of the crop rotation system. To study the effects of the main maize allelochemical DIMBOA (2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) on the growth and development of alfalfa under autotoxic coumarin stress, we treated alfalfa seedlings with DIMBOA under coumarin stress and non-stress conditions in this study. Results show that 0.0342 mM coumarin significantly inhibited alfalfa seed germination percentage(Gp), germination potential(GP), radicle length, germ length, seeding height, and simple viability index (SVI), with decreases of 37.29%, 59.91%, 7.60%, 30.90%, 13.27%, and 45.70%, respectively. An amount of 0.6 mM DIMBOA could promote alfalfa seed Gp, GP, radicle length, germ length, seeding height, dry fresh ratio, and SVI, with increases of 12.38%, 23.91%, 48.69%, 48.65%, 48.68%, 295.12%, and 67.17%, respectively. However, the addition of DIMBOA under conditions of coumarin stress could effectively alleviate coumarin effects on alfalfa seedlings. Coumarin + DIMBOA treatment for 24 h mainly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as soluble protein and soluble sugar, increasing some antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant content to alleviate the oxidative damage of alfalfa caused by coumarin stress. Administration of treatment for 72 h significantly promoted the morphological development of alfalfa seeding roots. Administration of treatment for 96 h significantly enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of alfalfa seedlings. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that chlorophyll b(Chl b)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) were the key indicators for coumarin + DIMBOA treatment to promote photosynthesis in alfalfa seedlings. Additionally, root length, mean root diameter, and root volume were the key indicators of root growth and development. Coumarin + DIMBOA treatment primarily increased catalase(CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and antioxidants(ASA) while reducing MDA and superoxide anion radical(O2•-). This study strongly suggested that DIMBOA can effectively improve the tolerance of alfalfa seedlings to coumarin stress through a combination of effects on root morphology, photosynthesis, and physiological indicators.
Genetic Variation, DIMBOA Accumulation, and Candidate Gene Identification in Maize Multiple Insect-Resistance
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 21;24(3):2138.PMID:36768464DOI:10.3390/ijms24032138.
Maize seedlings contain high amounts of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), and the effect of DIMBOA is directly associated with multiple insect-resistance against insect pests such as Asian corn borer and corn leaf aphids. Although numerous genetic loci for multiple insect-resistant traits have been identified, little is known about genetic controls regarding DIMBOA content. In this study, the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of DIMBOA content in two ecological environments across 310 maize inbred lines were calculated; and their phenotypic data and BLUP values were used for marker-trait association analysis. We identified nine SSRs that were significantly associated with DIMBOA content, which explained 4.30-20.04% of the phenotypic variation. Combined with 47 original genetic loci from previous studies, we detected 19 hot loci and approximately 11 hot loci (in Bin 1.04, Bin 2.00-2.01, Bin 2.03-2.04, Bin 4.00-4.03, Bin 5.03, Bin 5.05-5.07, Bin 8.01-8.03, Bin 8.04-8.05, Bin 8.06, Bin 9.01, and Bin 10.04 regions) supported pleiotropy for their association with two or more insect-resistant traits. Within the 19 hot loci, we identified 49 candidate genes, including 12 controlling DIMBOA biosynthesis, 6 involved in sugar metabolism/homeostasis, 2 regulating peroxidases activity, 21 associated with growth and development [(auxin-upregulated RNAs (SAUR) family member and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB)], and 7 involved in several key enzyme activities (lipoxygenase, cysteine protease, restriction endonuclease, and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme). The synergy and antagonism interactions among these genes formed the complex defense mechanisms induced by multiple insect pests. Moreover, sufficient genetic variation was reported for DIMBOA performance and SSR markers in the 310 tested maize inbred lines, and 3 highly (DIMBOA content was 402.74-528.88 μg g-1 FW) and 15 moderate (DIMBOA content was 312.92-426.56 μg g-1 FW) insect-resistant genotypes were major enriched in the Reid group. These insect-resistant inbred lines can be used as parents in maize breeding programs to develop new varieties.
Enantioselective Response of Wheat Seedlings to Imazethapyr: From the Perspective of Fe and the Secondary Metabolite DIMBOA
J Agric Food Chem 2022 May 11;70(18):5516-5525.PMID:35476430DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07727.
The responses of trace elements and secondary metabolites to stress can reflect plant adaptation to the environment. If and how the imperative trace element Fe and the defensive secondary metabolite 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) mediate the toxicity of chiral herbicides to nontarget plants remains inconclusive. We found that the herbicidal-active imazethapyr enantiomer [(R)-IM] stimulated heme oxygenase-1 activity, triggered the release of the catalytic product Fe2+, increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased the DIMBOA content, and increased the DIMBOA-Fe content. XAFS analyses and in vitro Fenton assays demonstrated that DIMBOA could relieve phytotoxicity by chelating excessive Fe3+ to restore Fe homeostasis. The free radical scavenging ability of the chelate of DIMBOA and Fe was also involved. This work refines the dual role of DIMBOA and Fe in mediating the enantioselective phytotoxicity of chiral herbicides, which provides a new direction for improving the herbicide resistance of crops.
Alternative transcript splicing regulates UDP-glucosyltransferase-catalyzed detoxification of DIMBOA in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Sci Rep 2022 Jun 20;12(1):10343.PMID:35725775DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-14551-w.
Herbivorous insects often possess the ability to detoxify chemical defenses from their host plants. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which feeds principally on maize, detoxifies the maize benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) by stereoselective re-glucosylation using a UDP-glucosyltransferase, SfUGT33F28. SfUGT33F28 activity is induced by feeding on a DIMBOA-containing diet, but how this induction is regulated is unknown. In the present work, we describe the alternative splicing of the SfUGT33F28 transcript. Variant transcripts are differentially expressed in response to DIMBOA, and this transcriptional response is mediated by an insect aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These variants have large deletions leading to the production of truncated proteins that have no intrinsic UGT activity with DIMBOA but interact with the full-length enzyme to raise or lower its activity. Therefore, the formation of SfUGT33F28 splice variants induces DIMBOA-conjugating UGT activity when DIMBOA is present in the insect diet and represses activity in the absence of this plant defense compound.
Transcriptome differential co-expression reveals distinct molecular response of fall-armyworm strains to DIMBOA
Pest Manag Sci 2021 Jan;77(1):518-526.PMID:32815313DOI:10.1002/ps.6051.
Background: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main benzoxazinoid found in corn, elicits variable larval responses from different pest moths. For the widespread and highly polyphagous Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall-armyworm (FAW), DIMBOA acts as a feeding stimulant and improves larval growth at low concentrations. The FAW present two host plant-related strains, corn and rice strains, related to host preference on corn and other Graminae or rice. Based on both host preference and strain divergence of the FAW on corn, a cereal containing DIMBOA, and rice, lacking this compound, we question if corn and rice strains larvae respond equally toward DIMBOA. We evaluated differential expression in the transcriptome of both midgut and fat body larval tissues of the two strains reared on either DIMBOA-enriched artificial diet or control diet and inferred Bayesian networks. Results: We found differences in performance between corn and rice strain larvae reared on DIMBOA, as well as several differentially regulated contigs annotated as esterases, peptidases, transferases and reductases, all of them known for being related to responses of lepidopterans and other insects to DIMBOA. We also found a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase very similar to others found in many lepidopterans occupying a central hub within a transferase Bayesian network, suggesting that it is essential to an effective response to DIMBOA in FAW. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is an intrinsic cost for FAW rice strain larvae to metabolize corn-originated hydroxamic acids, which could have resulted in the partial host-associated genetic isolation found at FAW field populations.