Deoxynivalenol
(Synonyms: 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇) 目录号 : GC12969
A trichothecene mycotoxin
Cas No.:51481-10-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
PBMC |
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Preparation Method |
Cells were either cultivated in medium or stimulated and cultivated with ConA (3 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of different deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 µM) and a single deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) concentration (16 µM) at 37 °C for four days. Harvested PBMCs were subjected to flow cytometry, gated according to light scatter properties (pseudocolor plots), and analyzed in histograms for fluorescence intensity of a live/dead dye. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 µM, 37°C for four days |
|
Applications |
For DOM-1, this 10-fold higher concentration of the maximum concentration of deoxynivalenol (i.e., 1.6 µM) was chosen based on pilot experiments showing that a deoxynivalenol concentration of 1.6 µM completely abolished ConA-induced proliferation. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
The experiment pigs |
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Preparation Method |
Blood samples were taken from portal and jugular catheter of deoxynivalenol-fed (4.59 mg/kg) and CON-fed (4.59 mg/kg) animals 30 min before infusion of LPS, and initial LPS level was quantified in serum |
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Dosage form |
4.59 mg/kg, p.o. |
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Applications |
Numerically higher LPS concentrations were found in portal serum (efferent blood stream from intestine) in comparison to jugular samples in both CON and deoxynivalenol -fed animals. |
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References: [1].Vatzia E, et al. Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Nov 5;11(11):644. [2].Kahlert S, et al. Effects of deoxynivalenol-feed contamination on circulating LPS in pigs. Innate Immun. 2019 Apr;25(3):168-175. |
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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a high-toxicity secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum. It is one of the most common mycotoxins in grains, foods and feeds.[1] deoxynivalenol, as an inhibitor of protein synthesis and as an immunomodulator, can reduce feed intake and mass gain in pigs.[3]
In vitro experiment it shown that treatment with 5 μM deoxynivalenol for 8 h in Pig jejunal cells has the time and dose dependent toxicity responses. In the meanwhile, pig jejunal cells also indicated reduced total cell counts and increased lactate dehydrogenase release after 48 h DON exposure with 0–10 μM. In IPEC-J2 cells, treatment with 20 μM deoxynivalenol at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h also significantly decreased the TEER (trans-epithelial electrical resistance) value.[2] In vitro efficacy study showed that neither 16 μM DOM-1 nor DON concentrations up to 0.4 μM affected the viability of the cells cultivated in medium or ConA. treatment with 0.8 μM deoxynivalenol for cells cultivated in medium significantly increased the count of dead cells, which was even higher at 1.6 μM.[4]
In vivo test demonstrated that mice orally 0.5 to12.5 mg/kg body weight deoxynivalenol decreased liver IGFALS mRNA levels, while 0.1 mg/kg body weight deoxynivalenol is without effect.[3]
References:
[1].Wu S, et al. Detoxification of DON by photocatalytic degradation and quality evaluation of wheat. RSC Adv. 2019 Oct 25;9(59):34351-34358.
[2].Thapa A, et al. Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants? Toxins (Basel). 2021 Aug 11;13(8):561.
[3].Pestka JJ. Deoxynivalenol-induced proinflammatory gene expression: mechanisms and pathological sequelae. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Jun;2(6):1300-17.
[4].Vatzia E, et al. Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Nov 5;11(11):644.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 是禾谷镰刀菌产生的一种高毒性次级代谢产物。它是谷物、食品和饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素之一。[1]脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇作为蛋白质合成抑制剂和免疫调节剂，可以降低猪的采食量和增重。 >[3]
体外实验表明，在猪空肠细胞中用 5 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇处理 8 小时具有时间和剂量依赖性毒性反应。与此同时，猪空肠细胞也表明在暴露于 0-10 μM DON 48 小时后，总细胞计数减少，乳酸脱氢酶释放增加。在 IPEC-J2 细胞中，20 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在 4、8、12 和 24 h 处理也显着降低了 TEER（跨上皮电阻）值。[2] 体外药效研究表明16 μM DOM-1 和高达 0.4 μM 的 DON 浓度都不会影响在培养基或 ConA 中培养的细胞的活力。用 0.8 μM 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇处理培养基中培养的细胞可显着增加死细胞数量，在 1.6 μM 时甚至更高。[4]
体内试验表明，小鼠口服 0.5 至 12.5 mg/kg 体重的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇会降低肝脏 IGFALS mRNA 水平，而 0.1 mg/kg 体重的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇则没有效果。[3]
| Cas No. | 51481-10-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 | ||
| 化学名 | (2R,2'S,3R,5R,5aR,6S,9aR)-3,6-dihydroxy-5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6-hexahydrospiro[2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-10,2'-oxiran]-7(9aH)-one | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@H]2O[C@H](C=C(C)C3=O)[C@@]([C@@H]3O)(CO)[C@](C1)(C)[C@@]24OC4 | ||
| 分子式 | C15H20O6 | 分子量 | 296.32 |
| 溶解度 | 30 mg/mL in ethanol & DMF, 25mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.3747 mL | 16.8737 mL | 33.7473 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6749 mL | 3.3747 mL | 6.7495 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3375 mL | 1.6874 mL | 3.3747 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants?
Toxins (Basel)2021 Aug 11;13(8):561.PMID: 34437432DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080561
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) are two commonly co-occurring mycotoxins produced by members of the genus Fusarium. As important food chain contaminants, these can adversely affect both human and animal health. Critically, as they are formed prior to harvesting, their occurrence cannot be eliminated during food production, leading to ongoing contamination challenges. DON is one of the most commonly occurring mycotoxins and is found as a contaminant of cereal grains that are consumed by humans and animals. Consumption of DON-contaminated feed can result in vomiting, diarrhoea, refusal of feed, and reduced weight gain in animals. ZEN is an oestrogenic mycotoxin that has been shown to have a negative effect on the reproductive function of animals. Individually, their mode of action and impacts have been well-studied; however, their co-occurrence is less well understood. This common co-occurrence of DON and ZEN makes it a critical issue for the Agri-Food industry, with a fundamental understanding required to develop mitigation strategies. To address this issue, in this targeted review, we appraise what is known of the mechanisms of action of DON and ZEN with particular attention to studies that have assessed their toxic effects when present together. We demonstrate that parameters that impact toxicity include species and cell type, relative concentration, exposure time and administration methods, and we highlight additional research required to further elucidate mechanisms of action and mitigation strategies.
The biological detoxification of deoxynivalenol: A review
Food Chem Toxicol2020 Nov;145:111649.PMID: 32745571DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111649
Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is one of the most common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, is often found known to contaminated food and feed all around the world. It usually causes diarrhea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal inflammation in both humans and animals. At present, one promising method of dealing with this mycotoxin is to detoxify it biologically using microbes or enzymes. Some microorganisms have the ability to absorb or degrade mycotoxins before gastrointestinal absorption occurs. Many fungi and bacteria have been reported to be able to play a role in the biological detoxification of DON. In this review, the occurrence of DON in food and its toxic effects are presented and the mechanisms by which DON can be detoxified biologically are also discussed. Then, the progress made in detoxifying DON in recent years using fungi, bacteria, and enzymes is summarized in more detail. Future developments relating to DON detoxification are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference source for the biological detoxification of DON.
Melatonin protects against defects induced by deoxynivalenol during mouse oocyte maturation
J Pineal Res2018 Aug;65(1):e12477.PMID: 29453798DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12477
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuff and food. DON causes detrimental effects on human and animal reproductive systems by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, melatonin is a multifunctional endogenous hormone that plays crucial roles in the development of animal germ cells and embryos as a robust deoxidizer. In this study, we explored the effects of melatonin on the DON exposure mouse oocytes. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that DON adversely affected mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo cleavage, while melatonin administration ameliorated the toxic effects of DON. DON exposure disrupted the meiotic spindle formation and kinetochore-microtubule attachment, which induced aneuploidy in oocytes. This might be through DON effects on the acetylated tubulin level. Moreover, we found that DON exposure caused the alteration of DNA and histone methylation level, which might affect early embryo cleavage. The toxic effects of DON on oocytes might be through its induction of oxidative stress-mediated early apoptosis, while the treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated these phenotypes in DON-exposed mouse oocytes. Collectively, our results indicated the protection effects of melatonin against defects induced by DON during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
Biosensors for Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Determination in Feed Quality Control
Toxins (Basel)2021 Jul 17;13(7):499.PMID: 34357971DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070499
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals; therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current trends in food/feed analysis are focusing on the application of biosensor technologies that offer fast and highly selective and sensitive detection with minimal sample treatment and reagents required. The article presents an overview of the recent progress of the development of biosensors for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone determination in cereals and feed. Novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods applied for the sensors and the application of these sensors to food/feed products, the limit, and the time of detection are discussed.
Deoxynivalenol as potential modulator of human steroidogenesis
J Appl Toxicol2018 Dec;38(12):1450-1459.PMID: 29611633DOI: 10.1002/jat.3623
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene, produced by the Fusarium species. Exposure to DON might cause disruptive effects such as reduced weight gain, neuroendocrine changes and immune modulation in animals (rats, dogs, pigs). There is huge concern that similar effects can be observed in humans. DON is a potential regulator of intracellular steroidogenesis. It is also possible that DON will be involved in the regulation of miRNAs connected with steroidogenesis. This review summarizes the latest knowledge about the influence of DON on steroidogenesis and human hormonal balance.