Cytochrome C (from horse)

Cytochrome C (from horse) is an important mediator in the apoptotic pathway and has been used in various studies as an inducer of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis^[1]. Cytochrome C is a universal catalyst in respiration, and its conversion between the ferrous and ferric states makes it a highly efficient biological electron carrier^[2]. Cytochrome C can be used as a component of phosphate buffer for detecting the activity of complex IV via BN-PAGE^[3]. Cytochrome C plays a crucial role in cellular oxidation processes in both plants and animals^{[4, 5]}.

References:
[1] Fiorucci L, Erba F, Santucci R, et al. Cytochrome c interaction with cardiolipin plays a key role in cell apoptosis: Implications for human diseases[J]. Symmetry, 2022, 14(4): 767.
[2] Sarewicz M, Osyczka A. Electronic connection between the quinone and cytochrome c redox pools and its role in regulation of mitochondrial electron transport and redox signaling[J]. Physiological reviews, 2015, 95(1): 219-243.
[3] Jha P, Wang X, Auwerx J. Analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE)[J]. Current protocols in mouse biology, 2016, 6(1): 1-14.
[4] Kadenbach B, Arnold S, Lee I, et al. The possible role of cytochrome c oxidase in stress-induced apoptosis and degenerative diseases[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2004, 1655: 400-408.
[5] Mansilla N, Racca S, Gras D E, et al. The complexity of mitochondrial complex IV: an update of cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis in plants[J]. International journal of molecular sciences, 2018, 19(3): 662.

Cytochrome C (from horse)是细胞凋亡途径中的重要介质，在各种研究中被用作线粒体依赖性细胞凋亡的诱导剂^[1]。Cytochrome C是呼吸作用的通用催化剂，在亚铁态和三价铁态之间的转换使其成为一种高效的生物电子传递体^[2]。Cytochrome C能够作为磷酸盐缓冲液的组分，用于通过BN-PAGE检测复合体IV的活性^[3]。Cytochrome C在植物和动物的细胞氧化过程中都发挥着至关重要的作用^{[4, 5]}。