Coumaphos
(Synonyms: 蝇毒磷) 目录号 : GC47122
An organophosphate pesticide
Cas No.:56-72-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Coumaphos is an organophosphate pesticide.1 It is converted into an oxon-containing metabolite in vivo, similar to other organophosphate pesticides, that inhibits acetylcholinesterase. It is active against adult, but not arrested stage, O. ostertagi helminths.2 Coumaphos is toxic to A. stephensi and A. aegypti mosquitoes when applied topically, with median lethal doses of 0.002 and 0.012 µg per female mosquito, respectively, but not when used as a contact insecticide.3 It is lethal to rats (LD50s = 41 and 16 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively).4 Formulations containing coumaphos have been used to control pests in livestock.
1.Guo, J.-X., Wu, J.J.-Q., Wight, J.B., et al.Mechanistic insight into acetylcholinesterase inhibition and acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds: A molecular modeling studyChem. Res. Toxicol.19(2)209-216(2006) 2.Prichard, R.K.Anthelmintics and controlVet. Parasitol.27(1-2)97-109(1988) 3.Hadaway, A.B., and Barlow, F.The toxicity of some organophosphorus compounds to adult Anopheles stephensiBull. World Health Organ.28(1)55-61(1963) 4.Gaines, T.B.Acute toxicity of pesticidesToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.14(3)515-534(1969)
| Cas No. | 56-72-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 蝇毒磷 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(Cl)=C(C)C2=CC=C(OP(OCC)(OCC)=S)C=C2O1 | ||
| 分子式 | C14H16ClO5PS | 分子量 | 362.8 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: Slightly Soluble,Methanol: Slightly Soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.7563 mL | 13.7817 mL | 27.5634 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5513 mL | 2.7563 mL | 5.5127 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2756 mL | 1.3782 mL | 2.7563 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Toxicity of Coumaphos residues in beeswax foundation to the honey bee brood
Environ Toxicol Chem 2023 May 5.PMID:37144826DOI:10.1002/etc.5645.
Coumaphos is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in recycled beeswax. The objective was to assess the maximal level of Coumaphos in foundation sheets that could exist without lethal effects on the honey bee larvae. Brood development was followed in cells drawn on foundation squares containing Coumaphos ranging from 0 to 132 mg/kg. Furthermore, larval exposure was determined by measuring the Coumaphos level in the drawn cells. Coumaphos levels in the initial foundation sheets up to 62 mg/kg did not increase brood mortality, since the emergence rates of bees raised on these foundation squares were similar to controls (median of 51%). After a single brood cycle, Coumaphos levels in the drawn cells were up to three times lower than the initial levels in foundation sheets. Hence, Coumaphos levels of 62 mg/kg in the initial foundation sheets, the one but highest exposures, resulted in levels of 21 mg/kg in drawn cells. A significantly reduced emergence rate (median of 14%) was observed for bees raised on foundation sheets with initial Coumaphos levels of 132 mg/kg, indicating increased brood mortality. Such levels resulted in Coumaphos concentrations of 51 mg/kg in drawn cells, which is close to the median lethal concentration of 50% (LC50 ) as determined in previous in vitro experiments. In conclusion, brood mortality was increased on wax foundation sheets with initial Coumaphos levels of 132 mg/kg, while no elevated mortality was observed for levels up to 62 mg/kg.
Accidental organophosphate poisoning: A case series of 2 pediatric Coumaphos exposures
J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2022 Dec 1;3(6):e12859.PMID:36474706DOI:10.1002/emp2.12859.
Introduction: Pediatric organophosphate insecticide poisonings are rare in the United States, and life-threatening toxicity is rarely seen. We report 2 accidental ingestions of the organophosphate insecticide Coumaphos that resulted in life-threatening symptoms. Case reports: A 7-year-old boy and 10-year-old girl both presented from home after accidental ingestion of 1 "spoonful" of Coumaphos 20% liquid (Asuntol; Bayer de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F., Mexico). There were no other known ingestions. Both became rapidly symptomatic, with the boy developing dyspnea, vomiting, and depressed mental status and the girl developing headache and nausea. Soon afterward, the boy had witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest and the girl developed altered mental status and flaccid paralysis. Both were treated initially with atropine, but required no additional doses. On arrival to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU), both patients received pralidoxime with subsequent plasma exchange and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Transient anemia, coagulopathy, transaminitis, and hyperglycemia developed in both patients. The girl was extubated on hospital day 6 and the boy on hospital day 11. The girl's course was complicated by aspiration pneumonia and an isolated seizure. The boy's course was complicated mainly by anoxic brain injury, associated seizures, neuroagitation, spasticity, and autonomic instability. The girl was discharged on hospital day 16 and remains asymptomatic 32 days after ingestion. As of 90 days after ingestion, the boy remains admitted to inpatient rehabilitation. Discussion: The clinical benefit of pralidoxime, plasma exchange, and CVVHDF is uncertain in these cases. The optimal treatment regimen for organophosphate insecticide toxicity remains poorly defined.
Characterization of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, Coumaphos and ivermectin resistance in populations of Rhipicephalus microplus in India and efficacy of an antitick natural formulation prepared from Ageratum conyzoides
Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021 Nov;12(6):101818.PMID:34537543DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101818.
Rhipicephalus microplus is posing a serious threat to productive animal husbandry. Excessive use of synthetic chemicals in tick management has led to the development of resistant tick populations. Characterization of resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin, Coumaphos and ivermectin in ticks is necessary to develop a suitable and sustainable control strategy. Based on adult immersion test and larval packet test, the resistance ratios (RR50) for adults and larvae of R. microplus populations from two Indian states ranged from 3.8 to 19.4 and 1.35-25.0 against deltamethrin, 0.061-26.3 and 0.22-19.2 against cypermethrin, and 0.2-9.5 and 0.01-3.1 against Coumaphos, respectively, were recorded. Moreover, the RR50 for adults ranged from 0.212 to 3.87 against ivermectin. The RR50 for different acaricides was significantly (p<0.01) correlated with esterases, Glutathione S-transferase and monooxygenase activity. A point mutation at the 190th position of the domain II S4-5 linker region of the sodium channel gene in synthetic pyrethroids (SP) resistant populations was also detected. An antitick natural formulation prepared from the plant Azeratum conyzoides and containing two major compounds, Precocene-I (7‑methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl 2H-chromene) and Precocene II (6, 7-dimethoxy-2, 2-dimethyl- 3-chromene), was developed and tested against the resistant ticks. The LC50 values of the natural formulation against the resistant populations were in the range of 4.31-5.33% irrespective of their RR50 values. Multi-acaricide resistant populations of R. microplus are established in India and the A. conyzoides based natural formulation can be used for its management.
Reduced proinsecticide activation by cytochrome P450 confers Coumaphos resistance in the major bee parasite Varroa destructor
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Feb 9;118(6):e2020380118.PMID:33547243DOI:10.1073/pnas.2020380118.
Varroa destructor is one of the main problems in modern beekeeping. Highly selective acaricides with low toxicity to bees are used internationally to control this mite. One of the key acaricides is the organophosphorus (OP) proinsecticide Coumaphos, that becomes toxic after enzymatic activation inside Varroa We show here that mites from the island Andros (AN-CR) exhibit high levels of Coumaphos resistance. Resistance is not mediated by decreased Coumaphos uptake, target-site resistance, or increased detoxification. Reduced proinsecticide activation by a cytochrome P450 enzyme was the main resistance mechanism, a powerful and rarely encountered evolutionary solution to insecticide selection pressure. After treatment with sublethal doses of [14C] Coumaphos, susceptible mite extracts had substantial amounts of coroxon, the activated metabolite of Coumaphos, while resistant mites had only trace amounts. This indicates a suppression of the P450 (CYP)-mediated activation step in the AN-CR mites. Bioassays with coroxon to bypass the activation step showed that resistance was dramatically reduced. There are 26 CYPs present in the V. destructor genome. Transcriptome analysis revealed overexpression in resistant mites of CYP4DP24 and underexpression of CYP3012A6 and CYP4EP4 RNA interference of CYP4EP4 in the susceptible population, to mimic underexpression seen in the resistant mites, prevented Coumaphos activation and decreased Coumaphos toxicity.
Large-Scale Monitoring of Resistance to Coumaphos, Amitraz, and Pyrethroids in Varroa destructor
Insects 2021 Jan 4;12(1):27.PMID:33406622DOI:10.3390/insects12010027.
Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite causing devastating damages to honey bee colonies around the world. Its impact is considered a major factor contributing to the significant seasonal losses of colonies recorded every year. Beekeepers usually rely on a reduced set of acaricides to manage the parasite, usually the pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate or flumethrin, the organophosphate Coumaphos, and the formamidine amitraz. However, the evolution of resistance in the mite populations is leading to an unsustainable scenario with almost no alternatives to reach an adequate control of the mite. Here, we present the results from the first large-scale and extensive monitoring of the susceptibility to acaricides in the Comunitat Valenciana, one of the most prominent apicultural regions in Spain. Our ultimate goal is to provide beekeepers with timely information to help them decide what would be the best alternative for a long-term control of the mites in their apiaries. Our data show that there is a significant variation in the expected efficacy of Coumaphos and pyrethroids across the region, indicating the presence of a different ratio of resistant individuals to these acaricides in each population. On the other hand, the expected efficacy of amitraz was more consistent, though slightly below the expected efficacy according to the label.