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目录号 : GC20031

Collagen (Type I,From Bovine Achilles Tendon) Chemical Structure

Cas No.:9007-34-5

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Research Update

The Collagen family

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011 Jan 1;3(1):a004978.PMID:21421911DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a004978.

Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals. The Collagen family comprises 28 members that contain at least one triple-helical domain. Collagens are deposited in the extracellular matrix where most of them form supramolecular assemblies. Four collagens are type II membrane proteins that also exist in a soluble form released from the cell surface by shedding. Collagens play structural roles and contribute to mechanical properties, organization, and shape of tissues. They interact with cells via several receptor families and regulate their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Some collagens have a restricted tissue distribution and hence specific biological functions.

Collagen glycosylation

Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019 Jun;56:131-138.PMID:30822656DOI:10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.015.

Despite the ubiquity of collagens in the animal kingdom, little is known about the biology of the disaccharide Glc(α1-2)Gal(β1-O) bound to hydroxylysine across collagens from sponges to mammals. The extent of Collagen glycosylation varies by the types of Collagen, with basement membrane Collagen type IV being more glycosylated than fibrillar collagens. Beyond true collagens, proteins including Collagen domains such as the complement protein 1Q and the hormone adiponectin also feature glycosylated hydroxylysine. Collagen glycosylation is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum by the galactosyltransferases COLGALT1 and COLGALT2. Mutations in the COLGALT1 gene cause cerebral small vessel abnormality and porencephaly, which are common in Collagen type IV deficiency. Beyond the strongly conserved Glc(α1-2)Gal(β1-O) glycan, additional forms of Collagen glycosylation have been described in the deep-sea worm Riftia pachyptila and in the giant virus Mimivirus, thereby suggesting that further forms of Collagen glycosylation are likely to be identified in the future.

The Collagen Suprafamily: From Biosynthesis to Advanced Biomaterial Development

Adv Mater 2019 Jan;31(1):e1801651.PMID:30126066DOI:10.1002/adma.201801651.

Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview of the family of collagens and their respective structures, conformation, and biosynthesis is provided. The advances and shortfalls of various Collagen preparations (e.g., mammalian/marine extracted Collagen, cell-produced collagens, recombinant collagens, and collagen-like peptides) and crosslinking technologies (e.g., chemical, physical, and biological) are then critically discussed. Subsequently, an array of structural, thermal, mechanical, biochemical, and biological assays is examined, which are developed to analyze and characterize collagenous structures. Lastly, a comprehensive review is provided on how advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology have enabled the development of bioactive, 3D structures (e.g., tissue grafts, biomaterials, cell-assembled tissue equivalents) that closely imitate native supramolecular assemblies and have the capacity to deliver in a localized and sustained manner viable cell populations and/or bioactive/therapeutic molecules. Clearly, collagens have a long history in both evolution and biotechnology and continue to offer both challenges and exciting opportunities in regenerative medicine as nature's biomaterial of choice.

Collagen for bone tissue regeneration

Acta Biomater 2012 Sep;8(9):3191-200.PMID:22705634DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.014.

In the last decades, increased knowledge about the organization, structure and properties of Collagen (particularly concerning interactions between cells and collagen-based materials) has inspired scientists and engineers to design innovative collagen-based biomaterials and to develop novel tissue-engineering products. The design of resorbable collagen-based medical implants requires understanding the tissue/organ anatomy and biological function as well as the role of Collagen's physicochemical properties and structure in tissue/organ regeneration. Bone is a complex tissue that plays a critical role in diverse metabolic processes mediated by calcium delivery as well as in hematopoiesis whilst maintaining skeleton strength. A wide variety of collagen-based scaffolds have been proposed for different tissue engineering applications. These scaffolds are designed to promote a biological response, such as cell interaction, and to work as artificial biomimetic extracellular matrices that guide tissue regeneration. This paper critically reviews the current understanding of the complex hierarchical structure and properties of native Collagen molecules, and describes the scientific challenge of manufacturing collagen-based materials with suitable properties and shapes for specific biomedical applications, with special emphasis on bone tissue engineering. The analysis of the state of the art in the field reveals the presence of innovative techniques for scaffold and material manufacturing that are currently opening the way to the preparation of biomimetic substrates that modulate cell interaction for improved substitution, restoration, retention or enhancement of bone tissue function.

Collagens and collagen-related diseases

Ann Med 2001 Feb;33(1):7-21.PMID:11310942DOI:10.3109/07853890109002055.

The Collagen superfamily of proteins plays a dominant role in maintaining the integrity of various tissues and also has a number of other important functions. The superfamily now includes more than 20 Collagen types with altogether at least 38 distinct polypeptide chains, and more than 15 additional proteins that have collagen-like domains. Most collagens form polymeric assemblies, such as fibrils, networks and filaments, and the superfamily can be divided into several families based on these assemblies and other features. All collagens also contain noncollagenous domains, and many of these have important functions that are distinct from those of the Collagen domains. Major interest has been focused on endostatin, a fragment released from type XVIII Collagen, which potently inhibits angiogenesis and tumour growth. Collagen synthesis requires eight specific post-translational enzymes, some of which are attractive targets for the development of drugs to inhibit Collagen accumulation in fibrotic diseases. The critical roles of collagens have been clearly illustrated by the wide spectrum of diseases caused by the more than 1,000 mutations that have thus far been identified in 22 genes for 12 out of the more than 20 Collagen types. These diseases include osteogenesis imperfecta, many chondrodysplasias, several subtypes of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Alport syndrome, Bethlem myopathy, certain subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa, Knobloch syndrome and also some cases of osteoporosis, arterial aneurysms, osteoarthrosis, and intervertebral disc disease. The characterization of mutations in additional Collagen genes will probably add further diseases to this list. Mice with genetically engineered Collagen mutations have proved valuable for defining the functions of various collagens and for studying many aspects of the related diseases.