Cholesterol Sulfate (sodium salt)
(Synonyms: 胆固醇硫酸酯钠盐) 目录号 : GC43251
A sterol sulfate
Cas No.:2864-50-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
T cells from lymph nodes of 5C.C7 mice |
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Preparation Method |
Cells were stimulated on the second day of culture with 50 units/ml of recombinant mouse IL-2. After 7-9 d of culture, T cell blasts were used for in vitro activation and staining assays. Before stimulation, T cell blasts were incubated with 100 µM Cholesterol Sulfate or DMSO control in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 1% lipid-free BSA or 5% lipid-deficient FCS for 2 h at 37 ⊿ |
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Reaction Conditions |
100 µM for 2 h |
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Applications |
Flow cytometry data showed that Cholesterol Sulfate pretreatment resulted in substantially attenuated anti-CD3-induced CD3ζ phosphorylation. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Sult2b1-/- mice were backcrossed onto C57BL/6 genetic background |
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Preparation Method |
For the experiment of intrathymic injection, mice were anesthetized, and 20 µl DMSO or Cholesterol Sulfate (25 mM) was injected into thymus by a Hamilton syringe (10 µl each lobe). |
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Dosage form |
20 µl 25 mM Cholesterol injected into thymus |
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Applications |
Increasing the amount of Cholesterol Sulfate in the thymus by intrathymic injection led to a decrease in the number of total thymocytes. |
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References: [1]: Wang F, Beck-GarcÍa K, Zorzin C, et al. Inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by cholesterol sulfate, a naturally occurring derivative of membrane cholesterol[J]. Nature immunology, 2016, 17(7): 844-850. |
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Cholesterol sulfate was first isolated from human plasma in 1965 and found to be present in a concentration of 300 μg/100 ml [1]. The apparent validity of this initial value was soon confirmed by reports of plasma cholesterol sulfate levels involving a limited number of subjects that ranged from 174 to 328 μg/100 ml [2,3].
Cholesterol sulfate has the ability to trigger the intrinsic blood coagulation system by activating Factor XII, an action that is not shared by other steroid sulfates or by unconjugated cholesterol. Cholesterol sulfate activates prekallikrein in the presence of Factor XII [4]. Cholesterol sulfate activates multiple epidermal protein kinase C isozymes, especially the ε, Η, and ζ isoforms [5].In vitro, cholesterol sulfate is a novel activator of the Η isoform of protein kinase C, and in so doing is more potent than phosphatidylserine plus phorbol ester [6]. Thrombin and plasmin, serine proteases that play essential roles in blood clotting and fibrinolysis, respectively, are potently inhibited by cholesterol sulfate [7].
Cholesterol Sulfate (sodium salt) (100 μM 2 h) pretreatment resulted in substantially attenuated anti-CD3-induced CD3ζ phosphorylation, Cholesterol Sulfate specifically interacts with the TCR to inhibit transmembrane signaling without interfering with downstream components of the signaling pathway [8]. A strong reduction in the (T cell antigen receptor) TCR nanoclusters extracted from Cholesterol Sulfate-treated 5C.C7 T cells [8]. Increasing the amount of Cholesterol Sulfate (20 μl 25 mM) in the thymus of mice by intrathymic injection led to a decrease in the number of total thymocytes [8].
References:
[1]. Drayer NM, Lieberman S. Isolation of cholesterol sulfate from human blood and gallstones. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1965 Jan 4;18(1):126-30.
[2]. Gurpide E, Roberts KD, Welch MT, Bandy L, Lieberman S. Studies on the metabolism of blood-borne cholesterol sulfate. Biochemistry. 1966 Oct 1;5(10):3352-62.
[3]. Winter JS, Bongiovanni AM. Identification of cholesterol sulfate in urine and plasma of normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1968 Jun 1;28(6):927-30.
[4]. Shimada T, Kato H, Iwanaga S, Iwamori M, Nagai Y. Activation of factor XII and prekallikrein with cholesterol sulfate. Thrombosis research. 1985 Apr 1;38(1):21-31.
[5]. Denning MF, Kazanietz MG, Blumberg PM, Yuspa SH. Cholesterol sulfate activates multiple protein kinase C isoenzymes and induces granular cell differentiation in cultured murine keratinocytes. Cell Growth and Differentiation-Publication American Association for Cancer Research. 1995 Dec 1;6(12):1619-26.
[6]. Ikuta T, Chida K, Tajima O, Matsuura Y, Iwamori M, Ueda Y, Mizuno K, Ohno S, Kuroki T. Cholesterol sulfate, a novel activator for the eta isoform of protein kinase C. Cell Growth & Differentiation: the Molecular Biology Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1994 Sep 1;5(9):943-7.
[7]. Iwamori M, Iwamori Y, Ito N. Regulation of the activities of thrombin and plasmin by cholesterol sulfate as a physiological inhibitor in human plasma. The Journal of Biochemistry. 1999 Mar 1;125(3):594-601.
[8]. Wang F, Beck-García K, Zorzin C, et al. Inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by cholesterol sulfate, a naturally occurring derivative of membrane cholesterol[J]. Nature immunology, 2016, 17(7): 844-850.
硫酸胆固醇于 1965 年首次从人体血浆中分离出来，浓度为 300 μg/100 ml [1]。涉及有限数量受试者的血浆胆固醇硫酸盐水平范围为 174 至 328 μg/100 ml 的报告很快证实了该初始值的明显有效性[2,3]。
硫酸胆固醇能够通过激活因子 XII 触发内在血液凝固系统，这是其他类固醇硫酸盐或未结合的胆固醇所不具有的作用。硫酸胆固醇在因子 XII [4] 存在的情况下激活前激肽释放酶。硫酸胆固醇激活多种表皮蛋白激酶 C 同工酶，尤其是 ε、Ｈ 和 ζ 同工酶[5]。在体外，硫酸胆固醇是蛋白激酶 C 的 Ｈ 同工酶的新型激活剂，并且在这样做比磷脂酰丝氨酸加佛波酯更有效 [6]。凝血酶和纤溶酶以及分别在血液凝固和纤维蛋白溶解中发挥重要作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶，受到硫酸胆固醇的强烈抑制[7]。
胆固醇硫酸盐（钠盐）（100 μM 2 小时）预处理导致抗 CD3 诱导的 CD3ζ 磷酸化显着减弱，胆固醇硫酸盐特异性地与 TCR 相互作用以抑制跨膜信号传导，而不干扰信号通路的下游组分 [8]。从胆固醇硫酸盐处理的 5C.C7 T 细胞中提取的（T 细胞抗原受体）TCR 纳米团簇显着减少 [8]。通过胸腺内注射增加小鼠胸腺中硫酸胆固醇 (20 μl 25 mM) 的量导致总胸腺细胞数量减少[8]。
| Cas No. | 2864-50-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 胆固醇硫酸酯钠盐 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])C3CC=C4C[C@@H](OS(=O)([O-])=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@@]21C.[Na+] | ||
| 分子式 | C27H45O4S•Na | 分子量 | 488.7 |
| 溶解度 | 10mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C,stored under nitrogen |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.0462 mL | 10.2312 mL | 20.4625 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4092 mL | 2.0462 mL | 4.0925 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2046 mL | 1.0231 mL | 2.0462 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Lithium Cholesterol Sulfate: A Novel and Potential Drug for Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorder
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2022 Aug 25.PMID:36028968DOI:10.2174/1871527321666220825114236.
Background and objective: Recent studies have shown that lithium treatment can reduce symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the present lithium salts clinically available have serious short-term and long-term side effects which requires frequent monitoring of blood chemistry and plasma lithium levels so as to avoid toxicity. Consequently, there is a demand for a safer and more effective lithium formulation to treat these diseases. Methods: Hence, we firstly synthesized lithium Cholesterol Sulfate (LiCS) and compared its pharmacological effects with that of lithium chloride (LiCl) and sodium Cholesterol Sulfate (NaCS) on markers of neurodegenerative disease in cell cultures. Results: LiCS was more potent than LiCl in increasing inhibitory GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation (pGSK3β) in both CHO and SH-SY5Y cells. These agents dose-dependently increased pGSK3β, starting at 10 µM for LiCS and 60µM for LiCl and maximally by approximately 100% at 60 µM for LiCS and 1.25 mM for LiCl, without altering total GSK3β levels. In HEK293/tau cells, LiCS reduced tau (Thr231) phosphorylation (ptau) starting at 10 µM and maximally by 63% at 40 µM without altering total tau levels, but ptau levels were not altered by LiCl at any dose between 60 µM and 1.25 mM. In BV2 cells, LiCS and LiCl decreased LPS-induced TNFα levels, starting at 20 µM for LiCS and 5 mM for LiCl, and maximally by approximately 30% at 80 µM for LiCS and 20 mM for LiCl. NaCS at any dose between 5 and 90 µM did not alter pGSK3β, ptau or LPS-induced TNFα. Conclusion: LiCS may become a new drug with good pharmacological potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and ASD by allowing lithium to more readily access intracellular pathological processes.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOLESTEROL ON EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS
J Exp Med 1928 Aug 31;48(3):321-37.PMID:19869487DOI:10.1084/jem.48.3.321.
1. Cholesterol, administered intraperitoneally, in these experiments definitely prolonged the lives of tuberculous guinea pigs when the infection was of an acute type produced by inoculation with a small dose of very virulent human type organisms. 2. Intraperitoneally administered cholesterol did not definitely prolong the lives of tuberculous guinea pigs when the infection was of the chronic type produced by the injection of a small dose of human type tubercle bacilli of relatively low virulence, or when the infection was more acute owing to the injection of a large dose of organisms of low virulence. It had no beneficial effect on an acute type of infection produced by the bovine type organism. 3. Cholesteryl chloride, cholesteryl toluide, cholesteryl anilide, sodium Cholesterol Sulfate, and quinine cholesterylate did not significantly prolong the lives of tuberculous guinea pigs. 4. Sodium cholesterylate, in optimal dosage, definitely prolonged the lives of tuberculous guinea pigs. 5. There was a significant shortening in the duration of life of tuberculous guinea pigs subjected to the trauma of intraperitoneal injection and repeated handling as compared with tuberculous guinea pigs that were not handled or traumatized by intraperitoneal injections.
Clarithromycin-loaded liposomes offering high drug loading and less irritation
Int J Pharm 2013 Feb 25;443(1-2):318-27.PMID:23337631DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.023.
The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method of preparing less irritant clarithromycin-loaded liposomes (CLA-Lip) for injection with a high drug loading and to evaluate their physicochemical characteristics before and after lyophilization. CLA-Lip were prepared using the film-dispersion method with sodium Cholesterol Sulfate (SCS) and n-hexyl acid as the regulators and then lyophilized. The liposomes were characterized in terms of their size, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro release, haemolysis, and lyophilization and irritation testing was carried out. The TEM images revealed that the structure of the CLA-Lip were multilamellar and of a regular size of around 100 nm. In addition, the lyophilized CLA-Lip were characterized by DSC and Infrared spectroscopy to confirm the structure. H-bonding and salt-forming reactions were used to ensure that clarithromycin (CLA) was stably encapsulated in the liposomes. This method provided a 30-fold increase in the concentration of clarithromycin relative to that in aqueous solution. Sucrose was found to be the best protective agent and was added in an amount of 12.5% (w/v). According to the mouse scratch test and the rat paw lick test, the pain of CLA-Lip was significantly reduce by approximately 80% compared with the solution of clarithromycin phosphate. In addition, rabbit ear vein experiments produced similar results. These findings suggested that CLA-Lip was a stable delivery system with less irritation, which should be extremely suitable for clinical application.